Cadaver Lab Practical 1

Simple Squamous

single layer of flat, tile-like cells, central nuclei

Simple Squamous location

capillaries, air sacs in lungs (alveoli!), kidney glomerulus

Simple Squamous function

diffusion, osmosis, and filtration

Stratified Squamous

several layers of cells, top layer flat, deeper layers are cuboidal to columnar

Stratified Squamous location

skin, mouth, vagina, esophagus

Stratified Squamous function

protection (outer layers can be lost easily without damage to inner layers)

Simple Cuboidal

usually a single layer of cube-shaped cells (sometimes pyramid-shaped), centrally located nucleus, often forms tubes

Simple Cuboidal location

kidney tubules, ducts of glands (e.g., thyroid)

Simple Cuboidal function

secretion and absorption

Simple Columnar

usually 1 layer of rectangular cells, nuclei usually at base

Simple Columnar location

digestive track, uterus

Simple Columnar function

protection, absorption, secretes mucus

(Pseudostratified) Ciliated Columnar

usually 1 layer of rectangular cells, nuclei usually at base, cilia along border

(Pseudostratified) Ciliated Columnar location

upper respiratory tract, uterine tubes

(Pseudostratified) Ciliated Columnar function

secrete and move mucus, ova

Areolar (loose) tissue

many cells (nuclei stain darkly) with thick (collagen) and thin (elastin) disorganized fibers, elastic characteristics

Areolar (loose) tissue location

subcutaneous skin layer

Areolar (loose) tissue function

acts as “glue” to hold organs and muscles together and holds skin to underlying tissues

Adipose tissue

fat cells, contain large vacuole for fat storage, nuclei pushed to edge of cell

Adipose tissue location

deep to skin, around some organs, behind eyes, yellow marrow of long bones

Adipose tissue function

absorbs shock, lipid storage

Bone tissue

consists of rings (lamellae) of calcified tissue that “trap” bone cells (osteocytes) within small cavities (lacunae)

Bone tissue location

particularly the shafts of long bones

Bone tissue function

support, protection of organs, mineral storage and regulation

Cartilage tissue

appears glassy and smooth, cartilage cells (chondrocytes) are contained within lacunae, lacunae nearer to edge become flattened

Cartilage tissue location

joints, nose, ear, trachea, bronchi, and ends of ribs at sternum

Cartilage tissue function

shock absorption, flexibility while retaining shape

Dense regular tissue

thin, light-stained collagen fibers packed parallel with nuclei stained flat

Dense regular tissue location

ligaments, tendons, aponeuroses

Dense regular tissue function

flexibility, resists stresses, attaches muscles to muscles, muscles to bones, or bone to bone

Cervical curve of the spine location

Neck

Cervical curve of the spine degree

2

Cervical curve of the spine formation

secondary

Thoracic curve of the spine location

Thorax

Thoracic curve of the spine degree

1

Thoracic curve of the spine formation

primary

Lumbar curve of the spine location

abdomen

Lumbar curve of the spine degree

2

Lumbar curve of the spine formation

secondary

Sacral curve of the spine location

Pelvis

Sacral curve of the spine degree

1

Sacral curve of the spine formation

primary

Upper triangle of perineum

urogenital triangle (genitals)

Lower triangle of perineum

anal triangle (anus)

Upper tip of perineum

pubic symphisis

Lower tip of perineum

Coccyx

Middle of perineum

ischial tuberosity (butt bones)

Cervical vertebrae count and description

7, have bifid spine with transverse foramen

Thoracic vertebrae count and description

12, spinous process points inferiorly

Lumbar vertebrae count and description

5, larger, broader spinous process

Sacral vertebrae count and description

5 fused vertebrae

Coccygeal vertebrae count and description

3 to 5 fused vertebrae

Atlas vertebrae

C1 vertebrae, articulates w/ occipital condyles of skull

Axis vertebrae

C2 vertebrae, articulates w/ atlas