Chemistry of life

Nucleic acids

macromolecules essential for the storage and transmission of genetic information in living organisms. Made up of simple unit of nucleotides.

Cholesterol

fatty substance that is essential for building cells and producing certain hormones in the body

Carbohydrates

________ are organic compounds that contain carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen.

Haemoglobin

________ is a molecule in the blood that helps distribute oxygen to the tissues in the body.

hydrolysis

_______ is when polymers can also be broken down into monomers.

monosaccharide

simplest form of carbohydrate, consisting of a single sugar molecule..

DNA

a molecule that carries genetic instructions. It has a double helix structure made of nucleotides containing adenine, thymine, cytosine, and guanine..

Monomers

the individual building blocks of a polymer.

concentration of hydrogen

The ________ ions in a solution will indicate whether it is acidic, basic, or neutral.

Electrons

________ are negatively charged (-) particles.

RNA

________ is essential for protein synthesis.

Protons

________ are positively charged (+) particles.

Neutrons

________ are neutral particles as they donot carry any electric charge.

Phospholipids

________ contain two fatty acid "tails "and one negatively charged phosphate "head.

Polymers

are chains of building blocks in macromolecules.

Glucose

is an important part of the food we eat, and it is the product made by plants during photosynthesis.

Amino acids

_ are building blocks of proteins.

Side chain polarity

_______ affects whether an amino acid is more hydrophobic or more hydrophilic.

polysaccharide

a complex carbohydrate composed of multiple monosaccharide (simple sugar) units linked together.

Acidic solution

it contains a lot of hydrogen ions (H+).

Atoms

are the unit of life and are the building blocks of the physical world.

pH scale

The ________ is logarithmic and represents a tenfold change in hydrogen ion concentration.

alpha helix

a common secondary structure in proteins, characterized by a tightly coiled, helical shape

fatty acid

a type of molecule that serves as a building block of lipids, which are a class of biological molecules that include fats, oils, and phospholipids.

disaccharide

a type of carbohydrate composed of two monosaccharide molecules joined together through a chemical bond known as a glycosidic bond

polypeptide

is a chain of amino acids linked together by peptide bonds.

triglyceride

a type of lipid (fat) and is composed of three fatty acid molecules chemically linked to a glycerol molecule.

Proteins

large molecules made of amino acids, serving various roles such as enzymes for chemical reactions, structural support, and signaling in the body.

Lipids

a diverse group of organic molecules that are insoluble in water but soluble in nonpolar solvents.

covalent bond

A(n) ________ is formed when electrons are shared between atoms.

Adhesion

The ________ contributes to another property of water known as surface tension.

Elements

pure substances that consist of only one type of atom.

Just add water

To break up the disaccharide and form two monosaccharides

Lipid Saturation

The extent of saturation in a lipid can affect its structure and function.

Cohesion

refers to the tendency of molecules of the same substance to be attracted to each other.

beta-plated sheet

is a protein secondary structure where adjacent amino acid chains align in a sheet-like formation, held together by hydrogen bonds.

Neutrons

are uncharged particles.

Phospholipids

a type of lipid molecule composed of two fatty acid chains, a glycerol backbone, and a phosphate group.

Peptide bond

a covalent bond that forms between the carboxyl group of one amino acid and the amino group of another amino acid.