Precipitation Reactions Flashcards

Flashcards covering key vocabulary and concepts related to precipitation reactions in chemistry.

Double Replacement Reaction

The ions of two compounds exchange places in an aqueous solution to form two (maybe 3) new compounds: AB + CD -> AD + CB. At least one product must be a precipitate, a gas, or water.

Driving Forces of Double Replacement Reactions

Precipitate formation, gas formation, or water formation. No driving forces means no reaction.

Precipitation Forming Reaction

Both reactants and products are ionic compounds; one product must be insoluble in solution or there is no reaction.

Gas Forming Reaction

Produces CO2, SO2, H2S, or NH3 from specific reactants (carbonate/bicarbonate + acid; sulfite + acid; sulfide + acid; ammonium salt + strong base, respectively).

Neutralization Reaction

The reaction between an acid and a base to produce a salt and water: Acid + Base -> Salt + H2O.

Precipitation Reaction

Reactions between two aqueous solutions of ionic compounds that produce an insoluble ionic compound (precipitate).

Precipitate

An insoluble solid product formed in a precipitation reaction.

Solubility Rules - HAPpy Ions

Hg, Ag, and Pb ions, which often form insoluble compounds. Exceptions apply based on specific pairings with other ions.

Solubility Rules - CBS Ions

Ca, Ba, and Sr ions, relevant to sulfate solubility. Sulfates are generally soluble except with HAPpy and CBS ions.

Predicting Precipitation Reaction Products - Step 1

Determine if the reaction is a double replacement reaction; if yes, identify the ions in each reactant.

Predicting Precipitation Reaction Products - Step 2

Exchange ions: Combine the (+) ion from one reactant with the (-) ion from the other reactant.

Predicting Precipitation Reaction Products - Step 3

Determine the solubility of each product using solubility rules. An insoluble product will precipitate.

Predicting Precipitation Reaction Products - Step 4

Write the states of matter. If a product is insoluble, it is a solid (s). If it is soluble, it is aqueous (aq).

Predicting Precipitation Reaction Products - Step 5

Balance the overall chemical equation to ensure mass conservation.