Section 2 - preparation for dental hygiene practice

Chapter 5 - infection control - transmissible diseases

Infection and disease can lead to

illness, disability, and loss of work time

what is the objective in oral health care?

to protect the patients

What does DHCP stand for

Dental health care personnel

What are all DHCP responsible for?

The prevention of direct or indirect cross contamination and disease transmission

What are infectious agents?

organisms that can create infections or diseases

What do infectious agents include?

bacteria, viruses, fungi, protozoa, helminths, and prions

What is the difference between pathogenic and nonpathogenic

pathogenic - disease producing

nonpathogenic - not disease producing

How does human response to infectious agents vary?

Varies on immune system and pathogenicity of the invading agent

What is bacteria?

• Single celled

• found everywhere

• some can be treated with antibiotics or vaccinces

• Microscopic living organism

What are viruses?

• nonliving

• can only replicate in host cell

What is a vaccine?

product that provides immunity by stimulating immune system to produce antibodies to that specific infectious agent.

The more similar a vaccine is to an agent….

the better the immune response to the vaccine.

What do live attenuated vaccines contain? What’s the impact of this? Example?

• weakened form of infectious agent

• make the person immune forever

• Measles

What does messenger RNA vaccines use in place of live attenuated or inactivated viruses?

Messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA)

How do mRNA vaccines work?

1. takes a message to cells

2. promts call to make specific protein

3. the protien is recognized by immune system as antigen

What is an antigen?

A sustance that triggers an immune system response causing the body to make antigens.

What is an antibody?

Y shaped proteins produced by the immune system to identify and neutralize forgiven bodies and bacteria.

What is the most effective way to prevent infectious diseases?

Vaccines

What can all microorganisms do?

Replicate-its how they survive

What happens when infectious ages replicate?

They can develop mutations

What do mutations change

The DNA or RNA of the agent

What do mutations allow the agent to do?

develop mechanisms to evade the immune system and vaccines and develop drug resistance.

What happens when enough mutations occur?

A new varient

New varients are typically more…..

• infectious

• drug resistent

• harder to treat

What is is created when a variant has developed distinct biological differences from the original?

a new strain

Where do microorganisms of the oral cavity come from?

When the baby is in the utero, the mouth is clean, but when the baby is born, miscroorganims are transmitted to the infant from the mother, family, and doctors

How much does the average adults microbiota harbor?

50-100 biollon bacteria

What provides protection against infection in the oral cavity?

Mucus membranes

What could be present permanetly or transitorily in the patients oral cavity?

pathogenic, potentially pathogenic, or nonpathogenic microorganisms.

Pateints can be…

carriers

What is the correct term for someone who is a carrier, but shows no symptoms?

asymptomatic carrier

What is cross contamination?

spread of microorganisms from person to person, object or person, or person to object

When you recognize the possible transfer of agents, what does that help you do? What are the aspects of it?

it helps you set up a planning system

• disinfection

• sterilization

• management of

  • instruments

  • equipmet

  • enviorment

How can disease transmission happen in a dental facility? x3

• careless handwashing

• inadequate sterilization of intsturments

• inadequate PPE

What do standard precautions represent?

minimum standard of care to protect DHCP and prevent DHCP from transmitting agents

What do standard precautions apply to? BAMNS

Blood

All body fluids

Nonintact skin

Mucous membbranes

Saliva

What are transmission based percautions?

used with standard precautions when the patient has a disease that can be spread through contact, droplet, or airborne routes.

Wat is droplet precautions

prevents transmission from close respiratory/mucous membrane contact with respiratory secretions transmitted through airborne droplets(coughing, sneezing)

Example of disease droplet precautions protect against.

Influenza

What are contact precautions?

prevents transmission from direct/indirect contact.

What are airborne precautions?

prevents transmission of diseases that remain infectious when in the air for long periods of time.

What are sharps precautions?

prevents transmission of Bloodborne pathogens by percutaneous sharps injury.

Example of diseases sharps precautions protect against.

Hepatitis B virus (HBV), Hepatitis C virus (HCV), and Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)

What is needed for the spread of infectious diseases?

a chain of events with 6 essential links