chapter 9 US History

fort Sumter

• Confederacy seized US forts arsenals, mints, and other public property within their borders → fort sumter included

• Lincoln sends provisions to the fort so it can defend itself

• Confederacy sees as a sign of aggression and attacks

• first shots of the Civil war fired

1st Bull Run

• 1st major battle

• ruined the hope that the war would be quick —> would be long and bloody

• confederacy victory

Battle of Antietam

• the confederacy’s first attempt to invade the north

• union victory, but both sides faced heavy casualties

• union win allowed Lincoln to issue the emancipation proclamation

Emancipation proclamation

• Union war plan

• would free some slaves, encourage slaves to fight for the union, make Europe unable to support the confederacy, and weaken the south’s economy

• *not all slaves were freed* —> slavery was still legal in border states

Battle of Gettysburg

• union victory

• stopped the Confederacy’s 2nd invasion of the north

• bloodiest battle in the civil war —> 50,000 casualties in 3 days

• Confederacy can never recover from losses —> signals the end of the war

Gettysburg address

• short and sweet speech Lincoln gave at the Gettysburg cemetery

• says those dead sacrificed their lives to protect the values of the union and will not have died in vain

Gen. Sherman’s “March to the Sea”

• Sherman and 60,000 troops marched through Georgia, destroying any and everything in their path (scorched earth campaign)

• by destroying the homes of confederate soldiers, Sherman hoped to destroy the confederacy’s morale

• “Total war”

Total war

• when civilians are attacked/harmed and brought into the war

Confederate surrender

• happened at the Appomattox courthouse in VA (same place the war started)

• Grant met with Lee to and granted Lee generous terms of surrender

• Lincoln travelled to Richmond (capital of confederacy) and was welcomed by freed slaves

Battle of New Orleans

• union forces captured New Orleans

• Union control of New Orleans gives the union control of the Mississippi —> southern economy hurt drastically because New Orleans was its biggest city

Battle of Shiloh

• union victory

• Confederacy attacked the Union —> Union fought back and defeated the Confederacy

• significance: Union ended the confederate military initiative in the West

Battle of Vicksburg

• Union victory

• the confederacy was split into two because of this loss

• final piece of the anaconda plan

advantages of the South

• morale

• military leaders

advantages of the North

• money/financial resources

• population

• Industry (production capabilities)

• Transportation (railroads)

General Lee

• Confederate general

• commands all confederate forces

General Sherman

• led western campaign for the union army

General Grant

• commander of the entire union army

• focused on the confederate army in VA

“Stonewall” Jackson

• Confederate general

• Gen. Lee’s second in command

Border states

• create a buffer between the Union and the Confederacy

• Kentucky, Missouri, Maryland, Delaware, and west Virginia

• did not secede

• proslavery —> Lincoln had to keep the war about session to keep them from joining the confederacy (pro slavery)

Conscription

• a draft to get more soldiers

• controversial —> people don’t want to fight because of how deadly the war is

• unmarried men were drafted first

Anaconda plan

• suffocate south with a naval blockade —> can’t export or import goods

• free slaves —> weaken South’s economy

• gaining control of Mississippi River —> cut the confederacy in half

• use every opportunity to weaken the confederacy

Lincoln’s suspension of the Writ of Habeas

• gave Lincoln the ability to arrest anti-unionists

13th amendment

• made slavery illegal

14th amendment

• African Americans can now be citizens

• a person cannot be denied citizenship based on their race

• states cannot limit rights of citizens

• states cannot take away life, liberty or property without due process of the law

15th amendment

• all MEN have the right to vote, regardless of skin color or enslavement history

election of 1864

• no confederate states entered

• Lincoln won against his general George McClellan