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Proteins
are a polypeptide chain of amino acids (AA) joined by peptide bonds
• Structure of proteins:
• Primary (the AA sequence)
• Secondary (e.g. alpha helix, beta pleated sheet, random coil)
• Tertiary (e.g. disulfide bridge with 2 cysteine)
• Quaternary (e.g. hemoglobin is a tetramer)
Amino acids
have an amino group at the 2-carbon of carboxylic acids.
• Classified by side chain structure (aliphatic, sulfur, hydroxyl, aromatic, cyclic, basic and acidic)
Amino acid classification
• Indispensable (essential in the diet): 9 amino acids (HTV TILL PM)
• Dispensable (non-essential in the diet; can be synthesized by humans)
• Conditionally essential under conditions when synthesis becomes limited or when amounts of precursors are inadequate or unavailable
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