IPS1 -A7 - A8 - Phase Diagram and Phase Rule

Proverbs 16:3

Phase

____-

• is a homogeneous, physically distinct, and mechanically separable portion of a system.

• It is uniform throughout.

• 1 phase

• 2 phase

• solution have ___ [how many] phase

• suspension have ____ [how many] phase

Phase Diagram

_____ - is a graphical representation of the physical states of a substance under different conditions of temperature and pressure.

Phase Diagram

_____ - is a graphic way to summarize the conditions under which equilibria exist between the different states of matter.

Phase Diagram

____- allows us to predict which phase of a substance is present at any given temperature and pressure.

Molar Heat

Latent Heat is aka ___ ?

Latent Heat / Molar Heat

____-

• Heat necessary for 1 mole of a gas, solid, or liquid to change to another phase.

• Either gained (absorbed) or lost (released).

Latent Heat / Molar Heat

Without____, no phase transition (phase change)

True

[T/F]

Without latent heat, no phase transition (phase change)

Molar Heat of Fusion (ΔHf)

____-

• Heat absorbed to convert 1 mole of solid to liquid

• Heat released to convert 1 mole of liquid to solid

Molar Heat of Sublimation (ΔHs)

____-

• Heat absorbed to convert 1 mole of solid to gas

• Heat released to convert 1 mole of gas to solid

Molar Heat of Vaporization (ΔHv)

____-

• Heat absorbed to convert 1 mole of a liquid to gas

• Heat released to convert 1 mole of a gas to liquid

Triple point

____- refers to the temperature and pressure where solid, liquid, and gas phases coexist.

Critical point

____- refers to the Endpoint of the liquid-gas equilibrium curve.

Phase Rule

____-

• Used to determine the number of independent variables (temperature, pressure, concentration) that must be set in order to define a system (F).

• Formula:

  F=(C−P)+2

Gibbs

Phase rule is by ___[who]?

1. Number of independent variables or degree of freedom (F)

2. Number of phases that can coexist (P)

3. Number of components making up the phases (C)

Examples:

• Liquid water + water vapor →F=1

• Liquid hexane + liquid water → F=2

• Liquid ethanol + liquid water → F=3

Gibbs Phase Rule relates to ___[3]

2 phase (immiscible)

hexane + water =____ [how many] phase

Y curve

One Component System shape in graph is ____ curve?

• F=2 (P, T must be known)

• F=1(P, T must be known)

• F=0

One Component System:

• 1 phase → F = ___

• 2 phases → F = ___

• 3 phases → F = ____

Two-Component System

____- is Aka Condensed system

Two-Component System

___- is a System in which vapor phase is ignored and only the solid and/or liquid phases are considered

• Liquid–Liquid Phases

• Solid–Liquid Phases: Eutectic Mixtures

Types of Two-Component System [2]

b.) Two component system

• Liquid–Liquid Phases

• Solid–Liquid Phases: Eutectic Mixtures

a.) One component system

b.) Two component system

c.) Three component system

b.) Two component system

• Bionodal Curve

• Critical solution temperature(upper consolute temperature)

• Tie Line

• Conjugate phases

a.) One component system

b.) Two component system

c.) Three component system

b.) Solid-Liquid Phases

What phase Eutectic mixture occur ?

a.) Liquid-Liquid Phases

b.) Solid-Liquid Phases

• Bionodal Curve

• Critical solution temperature (upper consolute temperature)

• Tie Line

• Conjugate phases

Liquid–Liquid System [4]

• Eutectic Mixture

• Eutectic point

• Eutexia

Solid–Liquid System [3]

U or O curve

Examples:

Liquid-Liquid System shape in graph is ___ curve

Binodal curve

____-

• is the area within the curve represents a two-phase system

• any point beyond it is a single phase

upper consolute temperature

Critical solution temperature is aka ____ ?

Critical solution temperature (upper consolute temperature)

____- is the temperature beyond which every proportion of A & B will exist as 1-phase.

Critical solution temperature (upper consolute temperature)

____- is the maximum temperature to obtain a one-phase system

Tie Line

___- is the line from which a system separates into phases of constant composition

Tie Line

____- is used to approximate the proportions of components A & B existing at a particular temperature

Conjugate phases

____- are phases of constant composition that separate when a mixture is prepared within the boundary of the two-phase system

M curve

Solid–Liquid System shape in graph is ____ curve

Eutectic Mixture

____- is the composition of two or more compounds that exhibits a melting temperature lower than that of any other mixture of the compounds

• MP_A+B < MP_A or MP_A+B < MP_B

Eutectic point

____- is the point at which the liquid and solid phases have the same composition and co-exist

Eutexia

____- is a phenomenon of lowering the melting point due to combinations of components

EMLA (Eutectic Mixture of Local Anesthetics)

____- is the most common application of eutexia in pharmacy

lidocaine + prilocaine

EMLA (Eutectic Mixture of Local Anesthetics) contains ___ [2]

EMLA (Eutectic Mixture of Local Anesthetics)

lidocaine + prilocaine = ____ [kind of mixture] ?

• Thymol – Salol

• Camphor – Menthol

• Lidocaine – Prilocaine (→ basis of EMLA cream)

Example of Eutectic Mixtures [3]

hahhahah

EXPLAIN MO LNG

Triangle

Three-Component System shape in graph is a ___?

b.) Two component system

Eutectic Mixture , Eutexia , and Eutectic Point is a under

a.) One component system

b.) Two component system

c.) Three component system

c.) Three component system

Ternary system is under

a.) One component system

b.) Two component system

c.) Three component system

Ternary system

____ - is a system consisting of 3 components existing in phase equilibrium

c.) Three component system

[TYPE OF COMPONENT SYSTEM]

• Temperature and pressure are both made constant

a.) One component system

b.) Two component system

c.) Three component system

c.) Three component system

Consists of two liquids that are partially miscible to each other and the third component acts as co- solvent which has the affinity to both immiscible layers

a.) One component system

b.) Two component system

c.) Three component system

c.) Three component system

• Apex - 100% of each component

• Base - opposite of apex; 0% of each

a.) One component system

b.) Two component system

c.) Three component system

Apex

[Apex / Base] ___ - 100% of each component

Base

[Apex / Base] ___ - opposite of apex; 0% of each component