Science 2.2

Volcanic Eruption

It happens when extreme temperature and pressure created by tectonic activity build up and erupt on the surface of the planet.

Quiet eruption

Characterized by runny lava that flows from the vent in a steady stream.

Explosive Eruption

Characterized by violent eruptions of viscous lava, solid debris, and hot gases that are ejected at supersonic speeds.

Phreatic eruption

Produces steam of hot water heated by magma.

Phreatomagmatic eruption

Consists of hot water steam and magmatic gases that explode violently into the atmosphere.

Lava flow

Quiet eruption of lava that runs down the flanks of a volcano

Lava fountain

Consists of fluid lava sprayed from the vent of the volcano

Lava Dome

Erupted lava that has lost huge amounts of gas that thickens the consistency of lava.

Hawaiian eruption

Characterized by gentle spurts of liquid basaltic lava.

Strombolian eruption

Least violent eruption consisting of runny basaltic lava spurted out of a magma-covered opening.

Vulcanian eruption

Short but explosive eruption that ejects columns of ash and viscous lava bombs into the atmosphere.

Plinian eruption

Most violent explosive eruption.

Lava

Is a combination of silicon, oxygen, aluminum, iron, magnesium, calcium, sodium, potassium, phosphorus, titanium

Blocky lava

Lava that forms jumbled heaps of sharp-edged lava chunks

Pahoehoe

Thin lava that evolves into layers of smooth, ropy lava surfaces.

Aa

Thick lava that turns into jagged pieces of rocks with rough and spiky surfaces.

Pillow lava

Has rounder shapes and formed by submarine volcanoes

Poisonous gases

Carbon dioxide, hydrogen fluoride, sulfur dioxide, hydrogen sulfide

Pyroclastic rocks

Lapili, pumice, Pele’s hair, ashes