Unit 5 Psych

Psychological Disorder

A mental health condition characterized by patterns of behavior or psychological symptoms that impact daily functioning.

Biopsychosocial Model

A framework that considers biological, psychological, and social factors in the understanding of mental disorders.

Diathesis-Stress Model

A theory that suggests mental disorders result from the interaction of predispositional vulnerability and stress from life experiences.

DSM

The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, a guide used for diagnosing mental disorders.

ICD

The International Classification of Diseases, a system for coding various health conditions, including mental disorders.

Anxiety Disorders

A group of mental disorders characterized by excessive fear or anxiety.

Generalized Anxiety Disorder

A persistent and excessive worry about various aspects of daily life.

Panic Disorder

A condition marked by recurrent panic attacks and the fear of experiencing more attacks.

Specific Phobia

An irrational fear of a specific object or situation that leads to avoidance behavior.

Agoraphobia

An anxiety disorder characterized by extreme fear of situations where escape might be difficult.

Social Anxiety Disorder

An intense fear of social situations that can lead to avoidance behavior.

Taijin Kyofusho

A cultural variant of social anxiety found in Japan, characterized by fear of offending others.

Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD)

A disorder featuring obsessions (recurrent thoughts) and compulsions (repetitive behaviors).

Hoarding Disorder

A persistent difficulty discarding possessions, leading to clutter that disrupts living spaces.

Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD)

A mental health condition triggered by experiencing or witnessing a traumatic event.

Post-Traumatic Growth

Positive psychological change experienced as a result of struggling with highly challenging life circumstances.

Mood Disorders

A category of mental disorders characterized by significant changes in mood.

Major Depressive Disorder

A severe form of depression characterized by persistent sadness and loss of interest.

Persistent Depressive Disorder

A chronic form of depression lasting for at least two years.

Mania

An elevated mood state characterized by increased energy, activity, and decreased need for sleep.

Bipolar Disorder

A mood disorder characterized by episodes of mania and depression.

Bipolar I Disorder

A type of bipolar disorder characterized by manic episodes lasting at least seven days.

Bipolar II Disorder

A milder form of bipolar disorder characterized by at least one major depressive episode and one hypomanic episode.

Schizophrenia

A chronic and severe mental disorder that affects how a person thinks, feels, and behaves.

Hallucinations

Sensory experiences without external stimuli, commonly associated with schizophrenia.

Delusions

False beliefs held despite evidence to the contrary, commonly found in schizophrenia.

Positive vs Negative Symptoms

Positive symptoms involve excesses (like hallucinations), while negative symptoms involve deficits (like lack of emotion) in schizophrenia.

Chronic vs Acute Schizophrenia

Chronic schizophrenia persists over a long time, while acute schizophrenia has sudden onset and may have a better prognosis.

Dopamine Hypothesis

A theory suggesting that an imbalance of dopamine is involved in schizophrenia.

Dissociative Disorders

Mental disorders characterized by a disconnection from thoughts, memory, or sense of identity.

Dissociative Amnesia

An inability to recall important autobiographical information, usually related to trauma.

With Fugue

A subtype of dissociative amnesia that involves sudden travel away from home and inability to recall one's identity.

Dissociative Identity Disorder

A severe form of dissociation characterized by the presence of two or more distinct personality states.

Personality Disorders

A group of mental disorders characterized by unhealthy patterns of thinking and behavior.

Cluster A

A category of personality disorders characterized by odd or eccentric behaviors.

Borderline Personality Disorder

A disorder characterized by instability in relationships, self-image, and emotions.

Antisocial Personality Disorder

A personality disorder characterized by a lack of regard for others' rights and social norms.

Eating Disorders

Mental disorders characterized by abnormal or disturbed eating habits.

Anorexia Nervosa

An eating disorder characterized by an intense fear of gaining weight and a refusal to maintain a healthy body weight.

Bulimia Nervosa

An eating disorder characterized by binge eating followed by purging or compensatory behaviors.

Psychotherapy

A treatment method that involves talking to a trained therapist.

Eclectic Approach

A therapeutic approach that uses a combination of techniques from different therapy models.

Psychodynamic Therapy

A therapy approach based on exploring the unconscious mind and past experiences.

Free Association

A technique in psychodynamic therapy where patients express thoughts as they occur.

Humanistic Therapy

A therapeutic approach that emphasizes personal growth and self-actualization.

Person-Centered Therapy

A humanistic therapy that focuses on the client's perspective and feelings.

Cognitive Therapy

A type of therapy that focuses on identifying and changing negative thought patterns.

Cognitive-Behavior Therapy (CBT)

A therapeutic approach that combines cognitive and behavioral techniques.

Meta-Analysis

A statistical analysis that combines the results of multiple scientific studies.

Evidence Based Practices

Therapeutic practices that are based on scientific evidence and proven effectiveness.

Therapeutic Alliance

The collaborative relationship between a therapist and a client.

Psychoactive Medications

Medications that affect mood, perception, and behavior.

Antipsychotics

Medications used primarily to manage psychosis, including schizophrenia.

Lithium

A medication commonly used to treat bipolar disorder.

Electroconvulsive Therapy

A medical treatment that involves sending small electric currents through the brain to treat severe depression.