Exam 2 Ch 5

tissues

Epithelial tissue

Sheet of closely adhering cells

apical/basal surface

Functions of epithelial tissue

Protection, secretion, execration, absorption, filteration, sensation

Simple epithelium

Single cell layer

Simple squamous epithelium function

Rapid diffusion/transport

Simple squamous epithelium location

Serosa, alveoli, glomeruli, endothelium

Simple cuboidal epithelium function

Secretion, absorption

Simple cuboidal epithelium location

Kidney tubules, liver, thyroid mammary, salivary gland

Simple columnar epithelium function

absorption, secretion of mucus

Simple columnar epithelium location

Goblet cells, lining of GI tract, uterus, uterine tubes

Pseudostratified columnar epithelium

Looks multi layered

Cilia and goblet cells

Pseudostratified columnar epithelium location

Trachea, portions of male urethra

Stratified epithelia

Multiple layers of cells

Keratinized stratified squamous

Dead scaly cell layers (keratinized)

Keratinized stratified squamous function

Resist abrasion and prevent water loss

Resist bacterial invasion

Keratinized stratified squamous location

Epidermis, palms/soles

Nonkeratinized stratified squamous

No keratinized layer (no dead cells)

moist and slippery

Nonkeratinized stratified squamous function

Resist abrasion and pathogen invasion

Nonkeratinized stratified squamous location

Vagina, tongue, oral mucosa, esophagus

Stratified cuboidal epithelium function

Produce sweat, secretion of hormones

Stratified cuboidal epithelium location

Sweat gland ducts, ovarian follicles, seminiferous tubules

Transitional epithelium

Multilayered

Stretched = Surface cells round to flat

Transitional epithelium location

Bladder, renal pelvis, ureter

Connective tissue

Cells and fibers in matrix

Binds organs, supports & protects organs

highly vascular

Collagen fiber function

Most abundant of body’s proteins: 25%

Tough, flexible, resists stretching

Collagen fiber location

Tendons, ligaments, & deep layer of skin

Reticular fiber function

Thin collagen fibers coated w/ glycoprotein

Form framework of such organs as spleen & lymph

nodes

Elastic fiber function

Made of elastin protein

Allows stretch & recoil

Areolar tissue

Loosely organized fibers

Areolar tissue location

Underlies all epithelia, mesenteries, between muscles

Reticular tissue function

Loose fibrous

Mesh of reticular fibers & fibroblasts

Forms supportive stroma (framework) for lymphatic organs

Reticular tissue location

Lymph nodes, spleen, thymus, bone marrow

Dense regular connective tissue function/structure

Elastic fibers, wavy sheets

Dense regular connective tissue location

Tendon and ligaments

Dense irregular connective tissue function

Withstands unpredictable stresses

Dense irregular connective tissue location

Dermis of skin, capsules around organs

Cartilage function

Supportive connective tissue with flexible, rubbery matrix

Gives shape to ear, tip of nose, & larynx

Avascular: relies on diffusion; heals slowly

Chondroblasts

Produce matrix

Chondrocytes

Cartilage cells in lacunae

Perichondrium

Sheath of dense irregular tissue

Hyaline cartilage

Clear, glassy appearance due to fineness of collagen fibers

Hyaline cartilage location

Articular cartilage, costal cartilage, trachea, bronchi, larynx

Elastic cartilage

With elastic fibers

Elastic cartilage location

External ear , epiglottis

Fibrocartilage

Cartilage containing large, coarse bundles of collagen fibers

Fibrocartilage location

Pubic symphysis, menisci, intervertebral discs

Bone

Tissue with solid matrix; calcified

Blood

Fluid connective tissue

Plasma

Blood’s liquid ground substance

Erythrocytes

Red blood cells

Transport oxygen and carbon dioxide

Leukocytes

White blood cells

Defense against infection/disease

Platelets

Cell fragments involved in clotting