Class 3 W 09/10/25: Formation and Structure of the Early Republic

libertas

The Latin term meaning freedom, a foundational principle of Roman culture and the United States.

SPQR

An abbreviation for Senatus Populusque Romanus, meaning 'The Senate and People of Rome', symbolizing shared power.

cursus honorum

The prescribed sequence of offices and political careers for Roman political leaders.

quaestor

The lowest official position in the cursus honorum, responsible for treasury and taxes.

aedile

An office in the Roman Republic responsible for public works, markets, and public games.

praetor

A high-ranking official in charge of law courts and military commands during the consul's absence.

consul

The highest elected office in Rome, holding broad powers and sharing authority with another consul.

tribune of the plebs

An office granted to the plebeians to protect their interests with veto power against the Senate.

dictator

A temporary office in Rome, appointed in times of crisis for six months with complete power.

Pontifex Maximus

The highest religious office in ancient Rome, held by patricians and influential in civic matters.

res publicae

The Latin phrase meaning public affairs, reflecting the Roman emphasis on community governance.

novus homo

A term for a 'new man' who was the first in his family to ascend to the consulship.

nobiles

The noble class in Rome that held significant power and influence in the Republic.

censor

A revered official role responsible for the census and public morality in ancient Rome.

imperium

The term denoting the military, legislative, and political power held by Roman consuls.

sacrosanct

A status granted to tribunes of the plebs, meaning their person was inviolable and could not be harmed.