Hereditary Quiz

genetic engineering

manipulation of the genetic code for some beneft

genetic engineering

What are GMOs an example of? (in most of our plants)

genetic engineering

What are Growth Hormones an example of? (such as growth hormone being inserted into salmon)

cloning

produces an organism genetically identical to parent donor

• Udder cells are taken out of the donor mom

• Another sheep’s egg is taken out and that nucleus is taken out, so the donor mom’s nucleus with DNA can be put into the other sheep’s egg.

• This egg is then implanted into the surrogate sheep mom and surrogate mom gives birth.

• The baby sheep is genetically identical to the donor mom since her DNA was in the nucleus in that egg.

Explain how cloning would work regarding a donor sheep, another sheep, and a surrogate sheep.

transgenic organisms

genes spliced from one organism (organ) to another to allow recipient new abilities

putting the firefly gene into a tobacco plant, which makes the tobacco plant glow like a firefly

What are some examples of transgenic organisms?

Repetitive Non-coding

What makes up most of our DNA? (Eukaryotic DNA types)

introns, regulatory genes, and repetitive sequences

What makes up non-coding DNA?

a very small amount, about 1.5%

How much of our DNA is Coding DNA?

Yes

Is it possible to extract or identify repetitive DNA sequences for use in identification?

differences

DNA fingerprinting uses ________ in number of key genetic markers to determine the DNA identity of a sample.

PCR, Gel Electrophoresis

DNA fingerprinting combines _______ and _______.

PCR

amplifies the samples, increases the sample amount that was originally present

Electrophoresis

separates the samples by size of DNA

Gel Electrophoresis

gel used like a filter to separate samples into their various sizes

electric attraction

In Gel Electrophoresis, the molecules are pulled through the gel by __________ _________ forces.

electric attraction forces, the gel is charged and draws certain things into it

In Gel Electrophoresis, how are the molecules pulled through the gel?

to be able to see the differences and similarities in the generated “barcode” in the wells

What does Gel Electrophoresis allow for?

Enzymes that cut the non-coding DNA at specific sites are used, generating DNA fragments.

Explain restriction enzyme analysis.

restriction enzyme sites

DNA fingerprinting may use the number of different _________ _________ __________ on a given set of genes.

RFLPs

In Restriction Enzyme Analysis, everyone’s DNA has enough variation in restriction sites to generate many different sized pieces called _______.

restriction fragment analysis

What happens after restriction enzyme analysis?

restriction fragment analysis

when the resulting fragments of restriction enzyme analysis are separated using a gel and labelled with a visible agent

gene sequencing

Restriction Fragment Analysis is useful in ______ ________.

Restriction Fragment Analysis

allows us to see the differences between the DNA sequences

gene sequencing

a culmination of techniques can be used to fully determine base sequence

Sequence of whole organism: Human Genome Project

allows us to see specific details of the DNA

gene sequencing

goal is to try to find genetic problems within humans and other species

• allows us to replicate DNA

Amniocentesis

embryo testing, where a needle is put into the amniotic sac to get amniotic fluid

Chorionic Villi Sampling

embryo testing, uses a tube that goes through the vagina into the placenta to get a piece of embryonic material

Embryo Testing

used to look for harmful genes

No

Can you correct harmful genes using embryo testing?

in a centrifuge

In embryo testing, where are the cells placed?

Fluid and Cells (sex determination, biochemical and enzymatic studies

What makes up the centrifuge?

gene therapy

use of DNA technology to correct or reduce effects of abnormal gene function

bone marrow cells

What type of cells is gene therapy done in?

• Harmful cells are “infected” with normal DNA

• A virus is used to transport the normal DNA into the chromosome in bone marrow cells

How is gene therapy done?

• Isolate defective gene cells in a dish that are then genetically corrected from culture.

• Take a normal egg cell and take out that nucleus.

• Place the genetically corrected egg cell nucleus into the normal egg cell, now with no nucleus.

• Now you have a genetically corrected egg cell, which will prevent the genetic disorder

Explain Gene Reproductive Therapy.

Gene Reproductive Therapy

prevents a genetic disorder