final exam

everything from exam 1 and second half of semester

trivium

grammar, logic, rhetoric

quadrivium

arithmetic, geometry, music, astronomy

st augustine bio and conversion

born in north Africa, is arrogant, into partying and drinking, womanizing, relations with 13 year old, beloved in absolute reason thru thinking and reason, hears voice “take and read”

temporal

can eat ice cream and be happy for 10 minutes, speed limit

eternal

peace and kindness, 10 commandments

Augustine’s analogy of the inn

earthly being are just traveling thru resting place till reach final destination in heaven with god

cupidity

Augustine had this, disordered want (put money infront of relationships)

saint monica

ask what we need to know from dean Horton

conversatio

way of formation and transformation, way or path of life, “path of college”

timeline of Antigone

497-406 BC

timeline of allegory of the cave

427 BC

timeline of the Bhagvad Gita

2nd-5th century BC

timeline of the gospel of Luke

80-90 AD

timeline of saint Augustine

354-430 AD

timeline of saint Benedict

480-543 AD

timeline of saint Hildegard

1098-1179 AD

timeline of st Anselm

1033-1109 AD

timeline of persepolis

1978-1988

timeline of the color of water

1921-1995

timeline of gods and men

1996

summary of of gods of men

The monks must decide whether to stay in Algeria, where they are at risk of being targeted by militants, or to leave for their safety. Their ultimate decision to remain, despite the dangers, becomes an act of profound spiritual sacrifice. Their lives are a testimony to the notion that true service to God sometimes involves choosing suffering over safety.

1990s, the story is inspired by the true events surrounding the murders of seven French Trappist monks in Algeria during the civil war.

At its heart, the film explores the tension between personal and collective faith in the face of danger, the question of how to remain true to one's beliefs and vocation when confronted with violent and oppressive forces, and the deep moral questions about life, death, and the role of religious service in a world of conflict.

summary of the way movie

The Way (2010) is a heartfelt drama directed by Emilio Estevez, starring his father, Martin Sheen. The movie follows Tom Avery (Sheen), an ophthalmologist from California, who travels to France after the sudden death of his son, Daniel(Estevez), who was on a pilgrimage along the Camino de Santiago, a historic path across Spain to the cathedral of Santiago de Compostela.

After Daniel's tragic death in a storm while walking the Camino, Tom decides to complete the pilgrimage in his son's honor. Although Tom initially intends to walk alone, he encounters a diverse group of fellow travelers along the way:

As Tom walks the Camino, he learns to let go of his grief, confront his own personal demons, and find a sense of peace. Along the journey, Tom develops meaningful relationships with the people he meets, and the pilgrimage becomes a powerful experience of self-discovery and healing.

The Way explores themes of loss, family, redemption, and the importance of taking the time to reflect and reconnect with oneself and others. The movie is deeply emotional and highlights the beauty of human connection and the transformative power of a spiritual journey.

the synoptics

stories of JCukl

Luke

beloved physician

luke’s portrayal of Jesus

reconciler(brings peace), compassion and empathy, inclusiveness (women and poor)

exegesis

drawing out meaning thru context and language

vedas

hymns songs to gods

karma

actions have consequences

dharma

duty in your place in life

samsara

soul migration, cycle of reincarnation

moksha

release, merge with soul, release from suffering

atman

individual/self

brahman

universal soul, everything is apart of it

brahma

the creator of the universe

vishnu

the preserver, avatars include Krishna

shiva

the destroyer,

pandavas

“good” family

kauravas

“evil” family

Arjuna

main character that does not want to fight the kauravas

karma yoga

discipline of action

jnana yoga

discipline of knowledge and of divine self

bhakti yoga

discipline of loving devotion

obedience, stability and fidelity (to monastic way of life)

order of saint Benedict vows

poverty, chastity, obedience, stability, conversatio

religious vows

charism

spirit that animates a religious community and gives it particular character

citizenship, way of life, and social intercourse

conversatio means….

hermits and cenobites

two types of monks

lay investiture

laity appointing clergy

simony

buying and selling of church offices

logic and abstract thinking

st Anselm’s approach to access the divine

visions from god, experience the natural world

st Hildegard’s approach to access the divine

viriditas

fecundity, lushness, verdure, freshness or vitality and connoting spiritual and physical health, reflection of divine nature

polyphony

music is technical dn highlights the complexity of the composition

monophony

music is more narrative and allows for individual expression, convey emotion better

eurydice

wife of Creon, kills herself at the end of Antigone

ismene

sister of Antigone

Teiresias

blind prophet from Antigone, predicts tragedy, tries to intervene

new brown memorial

baptist church ruth belonged to, black baptist church became ruth’s community

krishna

is the avatar of the god vishnu

Haemon

Antigone’s fiance, creon’s son

augustine

beloved in only good and evil and not one god before his conversion

hudis shilsky

mother of ruth McBride

3 major principles of Bhagavad Gita

Karma Yoga (the yoga of selfless action), Bhakti Yoga (the yoga of devotion), and Jnana Yoga (the yoga of knowledge).

incarnation

birth, Jesus is born

reincarnation

born again

Jesus and the tex collector have dinner, OR Good Samaritan

one example of a passage in Luke

a professor of rhetoric

Augustine eventually went to tome to become….

manichean, christian priest

augustine became a ____ then a ___

the role of cellarer in charge of the movement of things in and out of monetary, sense of trust, organized, in charge of organizing things for others

example form st beendicts rule

James felt loyalty to family, ruth loyalty to religion(found family), connect to something that makes a difference, uphold the morals your own community values, family guides us to faith, community we choose guides our human experience and the values we have around us, connection with one another allows for a deeper connection with our faith and ourselves

essay main points on where/who do we own our allegiance to?

arguable important but not valuable

Martha is more worried about what….

what is more valuable over what is important

Mary is worried about….

Christian

The abbot of the monastery and the central character in the film. he is deeply dedicated to his faith and to the care of the local Muslim population. As the spiritual leader of the monks, he faces the moral dilemma of whether to stay in Algeria, risking his life, or to leave for safety as political tensions rise.

luc

• one of the senior monks and the community’s doctor. He is depicted as calm, pragmatic, and deeply devoted to his vocation. He provides medical care to the local villagers, which is a crucial part of the monastery’s service to the surrounding community.

• embodies wisdom and quiet strength. He provides emotional support to Christian and the other monks, offering a grounded perspective on the situation. He is particularly concerned about the safety of the community and debates whether they should leave.

Frère Jean-Pierre

• is another member of the monastic community. He is more outspoken and emotionally charged than some of the others, particularly in his discussions about whether the monks should stay or leave. He is also a figure who represents the more active and passionate side of the monks' shared commitment.

• is practical and somewhat fiery, struggling with the fear of violence and wanting to make decisions based on his concern for the other monks' well-being. His character often serves as a foil to Christian’s more reserved and contemplative nature.

Frère Célestin

• is one of the younger monks in the community. He is sensitive and devoted but is also caught in the emotional turmoil of the situation. Like the others, he must grapple with the growing threat of violence and the monks' collective decision.

• character represents innocence and vulnerability. His internal struggle over the monks' fate highlights the emotional toll that such a decision takes on the members of the community.

Frère Michel

• is one of the monks at the monastery, and he plays a somewhat background role in the overall narrative. Like the others, he is committed to the daily life of the community, but his involvement in the core theological and moral discussions is less prominent.

• is quiet, gentle, and steadfast, embodying the tranquil spirituality of the monastic life. He is a supportive figure for the others, offering a sense of stability during the crisis.

Frère Thomas

• is a more junior monk who also takes part in the internal discussions about the monks' fate. While he does not have a central role in the storyline, he contributes to the overall spiritual and emotional dynamics within the community.

• embodies youthful idealism and naivety. His interactions provide a sense of the generational differences within the monastery, with the younger monks eager to fulfill their duty, even at great personal risk.

the way

The film begins with Tom Avery (Martin Sheen), a successful but somewhat disconnected American optometrist living in California. Tom receives a call informing him that his estranged son, Daniel Avery (Emilio Estevez), has died in a storm while walking the Camino de Santiago, a famous pilgrimage route in Spain. Daniel was making the pilgrimage to honor his late mother, and he was determined to complete it despite the challenges of the journey.

Tom travels to Spain to retrieve Daniel’s body. When he arrives at the hospital, he learns that Daniel’s belongings are being held in a local church. It’s there that Tom sees his son’s backpack, filled with items that reveal Daniel’s personal, philosophical journey and the transformation he was undergoing. Struck by grief and a sense of unfinished business, Tom decides to honor Daniel’s memory by completing the Camino de Santiago himself, carrying his son’s ashes in a small urn.

As Tom embarks on the Camino, he initially intends to walk it alone, keeping his emotions and thoughts to himself. However, along the way, he meets a diverse group of fellow pilgrims, each with their own reasons for undertaking the journey:

1. Joost (Yorick van Wageningen), a loud, overweight Dutchman who is walking the Camino to lose weight before his wedding.

2. Sarah (Deborah Kara Unger), a Canadian woman who has suffered the emotional trauma of a failed marriage and the loss of her children to a tragic accident.

3. Jack (James Nesbitt), an Irish writer who is struggling with alcoholism and a lack of purpose in his life.

Despite their differing motivations, these individuals form a loose but supportive group as they make their way through the rugged Spanish countryside. Tom, initially reluctant to open up, slowly begins to bond with them. He learns about their personal struggles and grows closer to each of them, gradually coming to terms with his grief and the complicated relationship he had with his son.

As Tom walks, he starts to understand that the pilgrimage is not just a physical journey but a deeply emotional and spiritual one. Through the kindness and camaraderie of his fellow pilgrims, Tom begins to heal and rediscover a sense of connection to the world and to his son. The Camino becomes a path not just of remembrance but of personal transformation.

In the final stages of the journey, Tom is faced with the decision of what to do with Daniel’s ashes. The film ends with Tom reaching the end of the Camino at Santiago de Compostela, where he releases his son’s ashes, finally letting go of his grief and embracing the idea that his son’s spirit lives on in the memories and lessons of their shared experiences.

Tom Avery

• The central character of the film. He is an optometrist from California who begins the journey after the death of his estranged son, Daniel. Initially, he’s emotionally distant and focused on completing the pilgrimage to honor his son, but as the journey progresses, he opens up and heals from his grief.

• Stoic, emotionally closed off, but deeply loving. Over the course of the film, his character evolves as he learns to forgive himself, deal with his unresolved grief, and form meaningful relationships with fellow pilgrims.

Daniel Avery

• Tom’s son, whose sudden death in Spain sets the plot in motion. Although he appears only in flashbacks and through his belongings, his influence on Tom is profound. he was walking the Camino de Santiago in search of spiritual answers and to honor his deceased mother.

• Adventurous, spiritually searching, and independent. his journey is a reflection of his desire for self-discovery, and it’s through his loss that Tom embarks on his own transformative pilgrimage.

Joost

• A Dutchman who is walking the Camino to lose weight before his wedding. He’s a jovial, energetic, and somewhat overeager man, and he quickly bonds with Tom and the others on the journey.

• Outgoing, talkative, and a bit naive. Joost uses humor as a defense mechanism, often distracting himself from deeper emotional issues. His transformation during the journey comes when he opens up about his insecurities and learns to face the deeper reasons behind his motivations for the pilgrimage.

Sarah

• Role: A Canadian woman who is walking the Camino after suffering a terrible loss—her children were killed in a car accident, which led to her divorce. she is emotionally withdrawn and struggling with her grief and guilt.

• Character Traits: Sarcastic, cynical, and self-reliant at first, her character represents emotional pain and trauma. As the journey progresses, she becomes more open and vulnerable, learning to confront her grief and move toward healing.

Jack

• Role: An Irishman who is walking the Camino to battle his alcoholism and deal with his own feelings of failure and lack of purpose. he is a former writer who is at a crossroads in his life, unsure of where he is heading.

• Character Traits: Witty, charming, and self-deprecating. his struggles with alcoholism are a key part of his journey, and over time, he forms a friendship with Tom and the others, allowing them to help him confront his demons and start a new chapter in his life.

Groundhog Day

Pittsburgh TV station. He is assigned to cover the annual Groundhog Day festival in the small town of Punxsutawney, Pennsylvania, where the groundhog Punxsutawney Phil is said to predict the coming of spring based on whether he sees his shadow. Phil sees the assignment as beneath him and is frustrated by the small-town charm and the triviality of the event.

After the festival, Phil and his crew attempt to leave, but a freak snowstorm traps them in the town overnight. When Phil wakes up the next morning, he discovers that it is still February 2nd—Groundhog Day—again. At first, he thinks it’s a bizarre coincidence or a mistake, but when he experiences the same events, conversations, and actions of the day repeating without any change, he realizes he is trapped in a time loop, living the same day over and over again.

Initially, Phil takes advantage of his newfound situation. He indulges in reckless behavior, knowing there are no consequences since the day resets every morning. He robs banks, flirts with women, eats and drinks excessively, and even engages in reckless behavior without fear of repercussions. Despite his actions, however, Phil becomes increasingly frustrated as he realizes that he is stuck in a cycle and cannot escape.

Phil Connors

• Role: The main character of the film, he is a cynical and self-centered weatherman who gets trapped in a time loop, reliving the same day (Groundhog Day) over and over again. His character undergoes a profound transformation, going from a selfish, egotistical man to someone who learns the value of kindness, self-improvement, and love.

• Character Traits: Arrogant, sarcastic, and initially disdainful of his job and the people around him. Over the course of the film, he becomes more introspective, kind, and empathetic, ultimately growing into a more selfless person.

Rita Hanson

• Role: She is Phil's producer and the object of his romantic interest. She is kind, professional, and genuinely cares about the people around her, though she initially sees Phil as a self-absorbed and arrogant man. Over time, as Phil changes, Rita becomes a key figure in his emotional growth and transformation.

• Character Traits: Warm, patient, and empathetic, she serves as a foil to Phil’s character at the beginning. She represents the possibility of love and redemption for Phil as he learns to win her over by showing sincerity, kindness, and genuine self-improvement.

Larry

• Role: he is the cameraman who works with Phil and Rita. He’s often sarcastic and somewhat lazy, and his role is mostly comedic. He provides some lighthearted moments, and his interactions with Phil highlight Phil’s initial frustration and self-centeredness.

• Character Traits: A bit sarcastic and disinterested in his work, he acts as comic relief throughout the film. His relationship with Phil is mostly antagonistic at first, as he also dislikes Phil’s arrogant demeanor.

Ned Ryerson

• Role: He is a former high school classmate of Phil’s who repeatedly shows up throughout the time loop, enthusiastically trying to sell Phil insurance. Phil recognizes him immediately, and their encounters become a running joke throughout the film, as he insists on reconnecting with Phil despite his increasingly bizarre reactions.

• Character Traits: Annoying, cheerful, and persistent, he is a comical and somewhat pathetic figure in Phil's life. His repeated appearances serve to highlight Phil’s growing frustration, but also his ultimate realization that he must change his behavior toward others, including people like him.

Gus

• Role: He is the town’s Groundhog Day event organizer. He’s a minor character who appears at the beginning and throughout the film during the town’s Groundhog Day festival. While his role is small, his actions help set the stage for Phil’s realization that he’s stuck in a time loop.

• Character Traits: Friendly and somewhat forgettable, he represents the cheerful, small-town atmosphere that Phil initially dismisses.

Buster Green

• Role: He is the local Groundhog Day festival's operator. He works alongside the other townspeople to run the event, providing a few comic moments during the celebration.

• Character Traits: A friendly, uncomplicated small-town figure, he represents the grounded, everyday people that Phil learns to appreciate as the film progresses.

The Old Man (Fred)

• Role: He is a homeless man that Phil encounters throughout the time loop. While Phil initially treats him with indifference or cynicism, by the end of the film, after Phil has changed, he shows compassion for the man and tries to help him. This interaction symbolizes Phil's transformation from selfishness to selflessness.

• Character Traits: He is poor and destitute, but Phil’s relationship with him evolves into one of compassion as Phil understands that meaningful human connections come from selfless acts.