Cell Molecular Biology Chem Review

Chapter 2 Lecture 2 based on Outline

What are the most abundant elements in a human body?

C, H, N, O

What are the essential elements? (these are not the most abundant elements)

Na, Mg, K, Ca, P, S, Cl

The atomic weight is _____+______

protons, neutrons

Molecule

Two or more atoms held together by a covalent chemical bond.

Compound

Molecule of more than 2 elements that can be separated into simpler substances by chemical reactions.

Octet Rule

The tendency of atoms to establish completely full outer energy levels.

Covalent Bonds

Bonds formed by sharing electrons between atoms. Some atoms form multiple of these bonds.

Ionic Bonds

A noncovalent bond formed by atoms transferring electrons to one another.

Hydrogen Bond

A non-covalent bond between H and either N or O. It is caused by molecular polarity.

Van der Waal Attraction

Attraction due to fluctuating electric charges. (Examples: LDF, dipole-dipole)

Hydrophobic Forces

Repulsion force from water

Electrostatic Attractions

Force attracts negative and positive things together.