Past Papers

name 3 signs of respiratory distress

- chest indrawing

- cyanosis

- nasal flaring

what is therapeutic alliance?

a bond of trust and mutual understanding between a therapist and client

what is dementia?

acquired neurological syndrome characterized by progressive deterioration in intellectual functions

an infant screams 20 minutes after eating and has intermittent diarrhoea and constipation

what is the diagnosis?

cow's milk protein intolerance

an infant cries mostly towards the end of the day and prefers never to sleep on his back

what is the diagnosis?

colic

an infant prefers to nurse on the left breast and fusses severely when placed on the right breast for feeding

in photos he holds his head in right rotation and left lateral flexion

what is the diagnosis?

kinematic imbalance due to suboccipital strain

an infant is growing well, but is crying a lot

the mother changed feeding from breast to bottle but the infant still cries a lot

crying is worse when father comes home from 6 p.m. to midnight

what is the diagnosis?

irritable infant of msk origin

an infant does not like to sleep in his cot and prefers lying in the car seat

father noticed that the infant is happiest upright in a curved position

the father holds him in this position to stop the crying

what is the diagnosis?

irritable infant of msk origin

what is a key factor to short and long term health in infants?

- duration of labour

- gestational age

- heart rate

- respiratory rate

- urine output

gestational age

which of the following physical examination findings is considered high risk for spinal pathology?

- blue spots

- deviated gluteal fold

- hypertrichosis

- light hair

- midline skin stigmata

midline skin stigmata

what is midline skin stigmata?

what does it indicate?

a dimple, tuft of hair, or skin tag over the spine

can indicate potential underlying spinal abnormalities or neural tube defects

in toddlers, what is a potential long term risk factor of infant colic?

temper tantrums

what is a warning sign for synostosic plagiocephaly?

- bilateral frontal bossing

- brachycephaly

- contralateral frontal bossing

- ipsilateral frontal bossing

- scaphocephaly

contralateral frontal bossing

which is a potential cause of poor sleep in children?

- developmental delay

- endocrine disorders

- food sensitivities

- respiratory disorders

- obesity

respiratory disorders

which of the following muscle groups is mostly used by infants for sucking purposes?

- hyoid, temporalis and pterygoids

- hyoid, temporalis and pterygoids assisted by palatoglossus

- temporalis and masseter

- supradigastric group and orbicularis oris

- supradigastric and pterygoid

hyoid, temporalis, pterygoids

in bottle feeding, which muscle shows increased activation?

- buccinator

- massester

- palatoglossus

- orbicularis oris

- styloglossus

buccinator

what term describes a baby born at 41 weeks of gestation?

late term

by what time should a neonate regained their birth weight?

3 weeks

past what age should toe walking be assessed further?

12 months

when using touch and hold therapy, what is the recommended maximum time to use the technique on each segment?

30 seconds

what is the purpose of the 'safe to sleep' campaign?

prevent sudden infant death syndrome

for children under the age of 5 who can walk, what is the recommended amount of physical activity per day?

3 hours

which of the following factors is recognised as a risk for major intrauterine constraint?

- arthrogryposis

- congenital abnormalities

- foetal akinesia

- oligohydramnios

oligohydramnios

what is oligohydramnios?

insufficient amniotic fluid

the mother of a 10 day old male presents following vaginal delivery of her first child

she is worried that an msk injury might have occured in her child

which is the following injuries is most likely?

- clavicular fracture

- cranial nerve palsy

- brachial plexus injury

- facial nerve palsy

- torticollis

brachial plexus injury

mother of a 1 year old baby swaddles her child at night to help him to sleep. she is currently breastfeeding her son and wants to know if breastfeeding has an impact on breastfeeding. what is the link between breastfeeding and swaddling?

swaddling has no effect on breastfeeding

mother of a 2-month-old baby with excessive crying diagnosed as colic by the general practitioner wants further advice as to what she can do at home to help decrease the pain she perceives her child to be under

the child shows tactile defensiveness on physical examination

which of the following pain management options is the safest and most appropriate in this case?

- touch

- massage

- music

- swaddling

swaddling

mother of a 3-month old diagnosed with otitis media by the general practitioner wants further advice as to what she can do to help her child's condition

which of the following options is the safest and most appropriate in this case?

- distract the child

- limit the use of a pacifier for soothing

- place the child on the side at night

- swaddle the child when in pain

distract the child

mother of a 3-week old baby presents to the clinic for plagiocephaly and on physical examination you notice a yellowing of the skin

the child is diagnosed with congenital muscular torticollis

what is the management?

refer to gp

what is the average length of labour, for their first child?

12 to 14 hours

how long after birth to a full term baby does it take for the mother's bone mineral density to return to normal levels?

2-3 months

what blood pressure reading in a pregnant patient indicates increased risk of stroke or brain haemorrhage?

155/90

which of the following factors can be a cause of foetal malposition in-utero?

- short umbilical cord

- fertility treatment

- mother swims regularly

- walking around during labour

- maternal history of low back pain

maternal history of LBP

at how many weeks of gestation is a foetus considered to be in the breech position?

after 36 weeks

what is the breech position?

lying longitudinally with buttocks presenting in the lower pole of the uterus

during which time period is the pregnant person most at risk of stroke and/or brain haemorrhage?

last 2 weeks of pregnancy and for up to 6 weeks post partum

spinal bone density is impacted by pregnancy with changes existing into the post-partum period. spinal bone density is lowest during which period of the pregnancy and postpartum phase?

- onset of a normal gestation delivery

- after a period of extended lactation

- 5-11 weeks foetal gestation

- 20-25 weeks post-partum

- 11-12 months post-partum

20-25 weeks post partum

at how many months pregnant does the round ligament become palpable?

after the second month

28-week gestation 32-year-old pregnant patient has groin pain. she has a wide stance and a short stride length. she has no pain or discomfort prior to pregnancy, being able to enjoy cycling, running and yoga until around 4 months ago. her history is positive for multiple cysts on her ovaries pre-pregnancy for which the patient required no treatment. on examination the patient exhibits a positive trendelenburg's bilaterally, widespread tenderness to palpation over the inferior abdomen, central groin and upper, anterior thigh regions and a positive straight leg raise bilaterally.

what is the diagnosis?

pubic symphysis dysfunction

what is the most likely patient to have osteoporosis

female, over 55, smoker, low bmi

what should be considered as the first-line therapy for prevention of osteoporosis in all women aged over 50 years?

hormone replacement therapy

the commonly prescribed bisphosphonate to reduce the risk of fractures in osteoporosis is what?

alendronic acid

a new elderly patient complains of feeling dizzy when they stand up quickly, diarrhoea and vomiting, and a mild skin rash. during the history, you discover that the patient has recently started taking a new medication. which of the following medications is most likely to be associated with the patient's symptoms?

- aspirin

- beclometasone inhaler

- omeprazole

- paracetamol

- ramopril

ramopril

which of the below is not required when obtaining informed consent?

a. explaining the possible risks of care

b. explaining the possible benefits of care

c. explaining the modalities of the care you plan to use

d. explaining the patient's condition in a way they understand

e. explaining the clinics complaint procedure

e

which of the following is not one of the six principles of adult safeguarding?

- empowerment

- appraisal

- prevention

- protection

- accountability

appraisal

what does the gillick principle mean?

child must have full capacity to understand the information given to them

with regards to safeguarding, a child is what?

under the age of 16

which of the following is not a protected characteristic by law in the UK?

- age

- political beliefs

- race

- marriage and civil partnerships

- religious beliefs

marriage and civil partnerships

how long must patient records be kept for?

8 years

how long do you need to retain a child's medical records?

until their 25th birthday