Chemistry - ACIDS/BASES

-ide

hydro-(stem)-ic acid

-ite

(stem)-ous acid

-ate

(stem)-ic acid

Acid properties

tart/sour taste, conducts electricity in aqueous solution, change color of indicators (litmus paper - red; phenopthalein - colorless)

Acidic Anhydride

a substance that forms an acid when combined with water; (nonmetal oxide + water → acid)

Ionization of acids in water

strong acids: ionize (dissociate) completely

weak acids: don’t ionize completely

Strong Acids

HCl, HBr, HNO3, H2SO4, HClO4

Properties of bases

bitter taste, slippery feel, conduct electricity in aqueous solutions, changes color of indicators (litmus - blue; phenophthalemine - pink)

Basic anhydride

a substance that forms a base when combined with water; metal oxide + water → metal hydroxide

Strength of bases in water

Strong bases: ionize/dissociate completely in aqeuous solutions

Weak bases: don't ionize completely

Salts

substance produced from the positive ion from a base and a negative ion of an acid

Arrhenius Theory

-acids are defined as compounds which dissociate in water to produce hydrogen ions

-bases are defined as compounds which dissociate in water to produce hydroxide ions

Bronsted-Lowry Theory

acids are defined as any substance which loses a proton

bases are defined as any substance which gains a proton

Amphoteric

can act as either a proton donor (acid) or a proton acceptor (base)

Acid + Base →

salt + water

Conjugate base

acid loses a proton

conjugate acid

base gains a proton