Movement and the Motor System (Chapter 5b)

Huntingtons Chorea

:: uncontrollable flailing motions; doesnt appear until your 40s; always fatal about 7- 10 years after diagnosis.

Paraplegia

:: leg paralysis; damage to thoracic and lumbar segments.

Parkinsons Disease

:: inability to initiate movement over time.

Caudate putamen

:: input from cortex, output to globus pallidus.

Upper

and lower motor neurons:: movement of Actin and Myosin along the muscle fibers, causing contraction of muscle.

Interneurons project

to motor neurons- motor neurons project to muscles of the body.

arm paralysis

Quadriplegia:: leg and above C4.

Ventral corticospinal tract

:: moves muscles of midline of the body.

Adult cells

are collected from the patient and reprogrammed and derived to the affected cell types (endothelial, muscle, etc)

Prefrontal

planning of movement

Premotor

organize motor sequences

Primary

produce specific movements

Support w/neuroimaging

sensation and motor bands, supporting motor areas

Upper and lower motor neurons

movement of Actin and Myosin along the muscle fibers, causing contraction of muscle

Lateral corticospinal tract

moves limbs and digits

Ventral corticospinal tract

moves muscles of midline of the body

Interneurons project to motor neurons

motor neurons project to muscles of the body

Cervical region

hands and arms

Lumbar

legs

Thoracic

trunk/organs

Quadriplegia

leg and arm paralysis above C4

Paraplegia

leg paralysis; damage to thoracic and lumbar segments

Ex

flailing before a fall, chest puff after being threatened, facial expressions

Inputs

motor cortex, premotor cortex, prefrontal cortex, substantia nigra

Outputs

motor cortex, substantia nigra

Caudate/putamen

input from cortex, output to globus pallidus

Globus pallidus

connect to and inhibits the thalamus

Hyperkinetic

too much movement

Huntingtons Chorea

uncontrollable flailing motions; doesnt appear until your 40s; always fatal about 7-10 years after diagnosis

Tourettes Syndrome

bodily tics

Hypokinetic

too little movement

Parkinsons Disease

inability to initiate movement over time

Essential for acquiring and maintaining motor skills

practice and precision

Midline

balance, eye movement, upright posture, walking

Lateral

arm, hand, finger movements

Question of compensation

brain damage usually improved

Hot and cold

7wks

Light touch

1yr