Occupations
All the things individuals do that occupy their time
Doing, being, belonging, and becoming
Things people do that they find personally and culturally meaningful
Ottawa Charter WHO Document
An influential public health policy document that sought to promote broad understandings of the determinants of health
Key concept is that health is a resource people create in their everyday lives, using their physical capacities and personal and social resources
Asserts that to attain complete well-being, and individual or group must be able to identify and to realize aspirations, to satisfy needs, and to change or cope with the environment
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Occupations
All the things individuals do that occupy their time
Doing, being, belonging, and becoming
Things people do that they find personally and culturally meaningful
Ottawa Charter WHO Document
An influential public health policy document that sought to promote broad understandings of the determinants of health
Key concept is that health is a resource people create in their everyday lives, using their physical capacities and personal and social resources
Asserts that to attain complete well-being, and individual or group must be able to identify and to realize aspirations, to satisfy needs, and to change or cope with the environment
Health
The ability to do what they want to do, what is important and valuable, and what they have to do, albeit sometimes with assistance
Being able to do what and when you want to do including enjoying the activities they’ve alway enjoyed, doing something every day, being with friends, and being able to go out if they need to
Spiritual Aspect of Wellness Models
Is enacted through religious observances and other occupations in which people find spiritual meaning
Well-Being
A way of looking at or thinking about human doing
European Study Interpreting Well-Being: 10 Features that Combine How People are Functioning and How They Feel
Engagement
Meaning
Competence
Vitality
Self-esteem
Emotional stability
Optimism
Positive emotion
Positive relationships
Resilience
Notions of spiritual well-being and connection to the land (for indigenous people)
Participation
Is used in the more restricted sense of whether a person actually engages in occupation
Contributes to keeping good health
Biological Needs
Requirements for survival, such as air, water, food, and shelter
Ann Wilcock and Occupation
Is essential to individual and species survival, because the basic biological needs for sustenance, self-care, shelter, and safety are met through the things people do
In meeting the needs and through other occupations of daily life, people develop skills, social structures, and technology aimed at superiority over predators and the environment
Skills Included in Occupations of Daily Life
Growing and cooking nutritious food
Constructing warm clothing and dry houses
Living peacefully with neighbors
Personal Capacities
Spring from the biological characteristics shared by all humans
Walking upright
Opposing thumb and fingers to grasp objects
Learning to speak
Reflect this human potential via his or her genetic inheritance, brought into being through the developmental process and a unique life history of occupational opportunities, preferences, choices, and constraints
Biological Needs Stimulating Occupation
Correcting threats to physiological state
Acquiring skills to protect and prevent
Prompt and reward engagement in occupation
Biological Needs Stimulating Occupation: Connecting Threats to Physiological State
The discomfort of these sensations stimulates us to action
Find some shade
Put on more clothing
Seek out food or drink
Ex: Being excessively hot or cold
Biological Needs Stimulating Occupation: Acquiring Skills to Protect and Prevent
Ex: The need to develop skills and exercise capacities
Are experienced as a surge of energy that propels us to acquire and practice the skills required to solve problems and plan, interact with others, do whatever generates our livelihood, etc.
People exercised their capacity for physical, mental, and social functioning
Biological Needs Stimulating Occupation: Prompt and Reward Engagement in Occupation
Meeting these needs gives a sense of purpose, satisfaction, and fulfillment
“Green” Physical Activities
Those undertaken in nature
Are thought to be particularly beneficial to emotional and psychological well-being
Ecological and Sociopolitical Factors that Limit or Disrupt Access to Health-Giving Occupations
Unemployment
Being a refugee oar asylum seeker
Displacement
Poverty
Experiences of racism
Influences of Occupation: Breaking up Active Participation with Rest
Contributes to health
Short break
Stretch before returning to computer work
Work/rest schedules to enhance the effects of training
Prolonged engagement in restorative leisure occupations
It can enhance memory
Different Influences on Occupaiton
Going for a fast walk more effectively alleviates the fatigue associated with monotonous work
Children sleeping less with more screen time are strongly associated with obesity
Vocational choices
Sterile or unsafe urban environments
Impairment
Any problem with normal psychological or physiological function or with a body structure such as a joint or organ
Can mean that people are not sufficiently strong or flexible, unable to focus their thoughts and attention, or too fatigued to participate in occupations that in other circumstances they would choose to do
Cause people to withdraw from occupation if they are hampered by pain, deformity, breathlessness, malnutrition, despair, or the apathy that comes of hopelessness