Week 4 W&S Chapter 8: Contribution of Occupation to Health and Well-Being

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Occupations

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  • All the things individuals do that occupy their time

  • Doing, being, belonging, and becoming

  • Things people do that they find personally and culturally meaningful

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Ottawa Charter WHO Document

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  • An influential public health policy document that sought to promote broad understandings of the determinants of health

  • Key concept is that health is a resource people create in their everyday lives, using their physical capacities and personal and social resources

  • Asserts that to attain complete well-being, and individual or group must be able to identify and to realize aspirations, to satisfy needs, and to change or cope with the environment

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20 Terms

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Occupations

  • All the things individuals do that occupy their time

  • Doing, being, belonging, and becoming

  • Things people do that they find personally and culturally meaningful

2
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Ottawa Charter WHO Document

  • An influential public health policy document that sought to promote broad understandings of the determinants of health

  • Key concept is that health is a resource people create in their everyday lives, using their physical capacities and personal and social resources

  • Asserts that to attain complete well-being, and individual or group must be able to identify and to realize aspirations, to satisfy needs, and to change or cope with the environment

3
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Health

  • The ability to do what they want to do, what is important and valuable, and what they have to do, albeit sometimes with assistance

  • Being able to do what and when you want to do including enjoying the activities they’ve alway enjoyed, doing something every day, being with friends, and being able to go out if they need to

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Spiritual Aspect of Wellness Models

  • Is enacted through religious observances and other occupations in which people find spiritual meaning

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Well-Being

  • A way of looking at or thinking about human doing

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European Study Interpreting Well-Being: 10 Features that Combine How People are Functioning and How They Feel

  • Engagement

  • Meaning

  • Competence

  • Vitality

  • Self-esteem

  • Emotional stability

  • Optimism

  • Positive emotion

  • Positive relationships

  • Resilience

  • Notions of spiritual well-being and connection to the land (for indigenous people)

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Participation

  • Is used in the more restricted sense of whether a person actually engages in occupation

  • Contributes to keeping good health

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Biological Needs

  • Requirements for survival, such as air, water, food, and shelter

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Ann Wilcock and Occupation

  • Is essential to individual and species survival, because the basic biological needs for sustenance, self-care, shelter, and safety are met through the things people do

  • In meeting the needs and through other occupations of daily life, people develop skills, social structures, and technology aimed at superiority over predators and the environment

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Skills Included in Occupations of Daily Life

  • Growing and cooking nutritious food

  • Constructing warm clothing and dry houses

  • Living peacefully with neighbors

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Personal Capacities

  • Spring from the biological characteristics shared by all humans

    • Walking upright

    • Opposing thumb and fingers to grasp objects

    • Learning to speak

  • Reflect this human potential via his or her genetic inheritance, brought into being through the developmental process and a unique life history of occupational opportunities, preferences, choices, and constraints

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Biological Needs Stimulating Occupation

  • Correcting threats to physiological state

  • Acquiring skills to protect and prevent

  • Prompt and reward engagement in occupation

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Biological Needs Stimulating Occupation: Connecting Threats to Physiological State

  • The discomfort of these sensations stimulates us to action

    • Find some shade

    • Put on more clothing

    • Seek out food or drink

  • Ex: Being excessively hot or cold

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Biological Needs Stimulating Occupation: Acquiring Skills to Protect and Prevent

  • Ex: The need to develop skills and exercise capacities

  • Are experienced as a surge of energy that propels us to acquire and practice the skills required to solve problems and plan, interact with others, do whatever generates our livelihood, etc.

  • People exercised their capacity for physical, mental, and social functioning

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Biological Needs Stimulating Occupation: Prompt and Reward Engagement in Occupation

  • Meeting these needs gives a sense of purpose, satisfaction, and fulfillment

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“Green” Physical Activities

  • Those undertaken in nature

  • Are thought to be particularly beneficial to emotional and psychological well-being

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Ecological and Sociopolitical Factors that Limit or Disrupt Access to Health-Giving Occupations

  • Unemployment

  • Being a refugee oar asylum seeker

  • Displacement

  • Poverty

  • Experiences of racism

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Influences of Occupation: Breaking up Active Participation with Rest

  • Contributes to health

    • Short break

    • Stretch before returning to computer work

    • Work/rest schedules to enhance the effects of training

    • Prolonged engagement in restorative leisure occupations

  • It can enhance memory

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Different Influences on Occupaiton

  • Going for a fast walk more effectively alleviates the fatigue associated with monotonous work

  • Children sleeping less with more screen time are strongly associated with obesity

  • Vocational choices

  • Sterile or unsafe urban environments

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Impairment

  • Any problem with normal psychological or physiological function or with a body structure such as a joint or organ

  • Can mean that people are not sufficiently strong or flexible, unable to focus their thoughts and attention, or too fatigued to participate in occupations that in other circumstances they would choose to do

  • Cause people to withdraw from occupation if they are hampered by pain, deformity, breathlessness, malnutrition, despair, or the apathy that comes of hopelessness