Tonal Harmony

Basics

Major Scale

WS, WS, HS, WS, WS, WS, HS

Minor Scale

WS, HS, WS, WS, HS, WS, WS

Whole Step

Skips a key and goes instead to the next one

Half Step

The very next key on a piano

C Major Scale

C – D – E – F – G – A – B – C

G Major Scale

G – A – B – C – D – E – F♯ – G

D Major Scale

D – E – F♯ – G – A – B – C♯ – D

A Major Scale

A – B – C♯ – D – E – F♯ – G♯ – A

E Major Scale

E – F♯ – G♯ – A – B – C♯ – D♯ – E

F Major Scale

F – G – A – B♭ – C – D – E – F

Bb Major Scale

B♭ – C – D – E♭ – F – G – A – B♭

Eb Major Scale

E♭ – F – G – A♭ – B♭ – C – D – E♭

A Flat Major Scale

A♭ – B♭ – C – D♭ – E♭ – F – G – A♭

B Major Scale

B – C♯ – D♯ – E – F♯ – G♯ – A♯ – B

F# Major Scale

F♯ – G♯ – A♯ – B – C♯ – D♯ – E♯ – F♯

C# Major Scale

C♯ – D♯ – E♯ – F♯ – G♯ – A♯ – B♯ – C♯

A Minor Scale

A – B – C – D – E – F – G – A

E Minor Scale

E – F♯ – G – A – B – C – D – E

B Minor Scale

B – C♯ – D – E – F♯ – G – A – B

F# Minor Scale

F♯ – G♯ – A – B – C♯ – D – E – F♯

C# Minor Scale

C♯ – D♯ – E – F♯ – G♯ – A – B – C♯

G# Minor Scale

G♯ – A♯ – B – C♯ – D♯ – E – F♯ – G♯

D# Minor Scale

D♯ – E♯ – F♯ – G♯ – A♯ – B – C♯ – D♯

A# Minor Scale

A♯ – B♯ – C♯ – D♯ – E♯ – F♯ – G♯ – A♯

The Natural Minor scale is like the Major scale with a lowered,

3, 6 and 7.

If a minor and major scale share the same root note, they are

parallel keys

The 1 is the

Tonic

The 2 is the

Supertonic

The 3 is the

Mediant

The 4 is the

Subdominant

The 5 is the

Dominant

The 6 is the

Submediant

The 7 is the

Leading tone

Perfect Intervals

Perfect Intervals are highly consonant

Perfect Unison

Exact same note. Ex: C4, C4.

Perfect 4th

Five Halfsteps or 4 scale degrees. Ex: C to F.

Perfect 5th

Seven Halfsteps or 5 scale degrees. Ex: C to G.

Perfect Octave

Octave.