Physical Geography Final Exam

Quizzes 10-15 and iClicker questions

Which of the following pairs is NOT correct regarding soil horizons?

A horizon = regolith

Which of the following is NOT one of the 5 soil forming factors?

All of the above.

Which of the following soil orders was NOT formed in a warm environment?

Gelisols

Which of the following soils is high in volcanic ash?

Andisols

True or false: every soil contains living organisms

True

Rock that has formed from cooling magma or lava is:

igneous

Which of the following is NOT one of the main families of rocks?

meteorite

Which of the following is NOT a requirement of a mineral?

organic

Which of the following rocks does not have a high silica content?

basalt

Which of the following statements is correct regarding intrusive versus extrusive igneous rocks?

intrusive igneous rocks form below the surface

What is the branch of geography associated with the study of characteristics, origin, and development of landforms?

geomorphology

Which of the following is correct regarding internal versus external processes?

erosion is an external process.

Which of the following types of weathering alters the chemical structures of minerals?

chemical

Which of the following are factors that influence mass wasting?

All of the above.

Which of the following terms describes gaps in the geologic record?

unconformities.

If a feature cuts through a rock layer, we know this cross cutting occurred when?

After the rock layer was formed.

How old do scientists speculate the Earth to be?

4.6 bya

Which of the following terms describes the maintenance of the hydrostatic of the Earth's crust (or the balance between the continental and oceanic crusts)?

isostasy

Which of the following terms refers to the diminishing of topographic irregularities and decreasing of surface relief?

denudation

Which of the following is not a type of physical weathering?

oxidation

El Nino Southern Oscillation (ENSO) is an example of what?

teleconnection

Which of the following statements regarding upwelling and downwelling is correct?

upwelling is the flow of cold, deep waters to the surface.

What is the name of surface ocean currents around the margins of the major ocean basins?

gyres

Which of the following factors drive deep ocean currents?

temperature, salinity, and density drive deep ocean currents

Are salinity levels the same across all of Earth's five oceans?

No

Which of the following terms describes an oceanic divergent plate boundary?

mid-ocean ridge

Which of the following landforms is formed when a glacial trough has been partially drowned by the sea?

fjord

Which of the following coastal landforms describes a narrow, offshore island composed of sediment generally oriented parallel to the shore?

barrier island

True or false: the oceans absorb carbon dioxide from the atmosphere

True

Does the Coriolis effect affect ocean currents?

Yes

Which of the following is not a mode sediment can travel downstream?

All of the above are modes sediments can travel downstream.

Can soils/sediments be both permeable and porous simultaneously?

Yes

Groundwater can ONLY travel when the bed is:

porous and permeable

Which of the following refers to the line of separation between runoff that descends into two different drainage basins?

drainage divide

Which of the following statements is correct regarding deltas and alluvial fans?

alluvial fans empty into a dry drainage basin

In which kind of rocks do karst topographies typically develop?

limestone

Which term refers to the side of the stream that is eroded by the channel?

cut bank

Which of the following terms refers to the processes involving the work of running water on the surface of the Earth?

fluvial

Which of the following features is formed by the collapse of a cave?

sinkhole

What is a stream's capacity?

the maximum load that a stream can transport under given conditions

Which of the following statements regarding the hypocenter (focus) and epicenter of an earthquake is correct?

the hypocenter is the location within the Earth's crust where earthquakes occur AND the epicenter is the location on the Earth's surface directly above the hypocenter

Which is the fastest moving seismic wave?

 

primary wave

Which of the following statements regarding the Richter and Mercalli earthquake reporting scales is correct?

Richter is quantitative and logarithmic

Which of the following is an example of a present-day hot spot?

Hawaiian Islands

Which of the following volcano types produces the most violent eruptions?

strato or composite

Which of the following features is formed by convergent plate boundaries?

mountain ranges

Which of the following features is formed by divergent plate boundaries?

rift valleys

Which of the following features is formed at transverse plate boundaries?

faults

Which type of heat transfer has been used to explain the theory of plate tectonics?

convection

Which of the following volcano types is typically (or has the potential to be) the largest?

shield

Which of the following landscape formations is ONLY reminiscent of a past continental glacier?

esker

Which of the following moraine types do ALL glaciers include:

all glaciers include terminal and lateral moraines

Which type of heat transfer explains the melting of glacier beds (contact with the Earth's surface)?

conduction

Which of the following statements is correct regarding glacial till and erratics?

glacial erratics are the largest sediment size deposited by glaciers

Which of the following is NOT a Milankovitch cycle?

rotation

Which of the following refers to an area that was beyond the outermost extent of ice advance that was indirectly influenced by glaciation?

periglacial zone

Which of the following correctly lists the order in which you would encounter these areas if you started at the top of a glacier and moved down to its end?

Zone of accumulation, equilibrium line, zone of ablation

How are drumlins from a continental ice sheet typically expressed in the landscape?

As teardrop-shaped hills

What are Milankovitch cycles?

Changes in Earth’s tilt and shape of its orbit, as well as a wobble in its axis that affect global climate

Which of the following erosional processes creates glacial crevasses?

frost wedging