BIO FINAL- ecology biosphere

Studying an individual organism

Organismal ecology

Studying population or a group of individuals

– factors effecting growth / decline factor

Population ecology

Studying populations of different species and their interaction

Community ecology

Studying communities of organisms and effects of abiotic factor

Ecosystem

What is the distribution of living things and the abiotic factors that affect their distribution?

Biogeography

What line run east to west and helps measure out how far north and south something is?

-It also plays a role in the climate

Latitude (ladder)

Seasonal variation in sunlight intensity is important because

the earth tilts so seasons depend on where you live

What influence climate and moderate large bodies of water terrestrial climate?

Ocean currents

What structure influences airflow over the land?

Mountains

A patch of land that has been forced to become a desert because mountain ranges blocked all plant-growing, rainy weather?

Rain shadow

What biome:

• Vertically layer plant life

• High Temperature, 25-30°C, year round

• Constant rainfall, 200-400 cm annually

Tropical rainforest

What biome:

• Generally, less than 30 cm precipitation per year

• Low widely scattered vegetation, deeply rooted succulents such as cacti, some scrub, many plant have toxins

• Nocturnal animals, snakes, lizards, insects,

Desert

What biome:

• Grasslands and scattered trees

• Fires are common to control Vegetation

• Large herbivores

• Dry season that last up to 8 or 9 months, annual rainfall 30 to 40 cm

Savana

What biome:

• Plant life is dominated by shrubs and small trees

• Dry summers and wet winters, rainfall 30-50 cm

• Highly distributed

• Wild West movies

Chaparral

What biome:

• Grasses are the dominant plant that survive periotic drought and fire

• Large grazers such as buffalo and horses

• Rainfall seasonal with wetter summers and dryer winters

• Periods of drought common.

Temperate grasslands

What biome:

• Largest terrestrial biome on earth across North America and Eurasia – Boreal Forest

• Cone bearing trees dominate plant life – pine, Spruce, fir, hemlock

• Diverse animal life, bears, tigers (Siberia)

• Moderate rainfall from 30 to 70 cm, In the Pacific Northwest of North America

Northern Coniferous Forest

What biome:

• Artic and Antarctic regions, about 20% of the Earth’s surface

• Mosses, grasses, shrubs, lichens – permafrost Restricts plant root growth

• Musk oxen, caribou, wolves, fox

• Temperatures -30 to 10°C

Tundra

What biome:

• Vertical plant canopy with at least one or two layers Of understory trees, a shrub layer and herb layer

• Many mammals and birds

• Rainfall all season averaging 70 to 200 cm per year

Temporal Broadleaf Forest

What major aquatic biome has water with salt concentration of 3%?

Marine water biome

What major aquatic biome has water with salt concentration of 0.01%?

Fresh water biome

What aquatic biome zone:

• Periodically submerged/ exposed twice Per day

• High O2 nutrients

Littoral/ intertidal zone

What aquatic biome zone:

• Middle of the ocean

• Constantly mixed by wind driven currents

• This biome covers 70% of the earth’s surface

Pelagic zone

What type of lake is nutrient poor/ oxygen rich?

Oligotrophic

What type of lake is nutrient rich/ oxygen poor?

Eutrophic

What type of wetland are along rivers and streams?

Riverine

What type of wetland are along lakes and oceans?

Fringe

____ streams usually cold, clear, fast, and turbulen

Headwater

____ streams usually, slower, warmer and more turbid

Downstream

What does a lake or river chemical composition depend on?

substrate stream runs through

An area of transition between a river and the sea?

Estuaries

What location has:

• Calcium carbonate skeletons of coral

• Shallow photic zone of stable marine environments with high water clarity and quality

• Usually near islands

Coral reef

What zone is:

• Seafloor of the neritic and pelagic zones

• No sunlight except for the shallow costal areas

Marine Benthic Zone