APSC 530 Female Repro Tract

Broad Ligament

suspends the female tract and connects everything (ADD PIC)

a thin sheet of connective tissue that covers the ovaries, uterus, and oviducts, stabilizing their position and anchoring them to the walls and floor of the pelvic cavity

Uterus

Includes the Uterine Horns (ADD PIC)

Cervix

Separates uterus from vagina (ADD PIC)

Vulva

can see on outside of animal; includes the labia + clitoris

False; it is close but not attached

T/F: The ovary is attached to the oviduct

True

T/F the uterus, uterine tube, and ovary all makeup the broad ligament

True

T/F: another name for repro tract is the Urogenital tract

Mesovarian

the portion of the broad ligament of the uterus that suspends the ovaries via attachment

Mesoalpinx

part of the lining of the abdominal cavity in higher vertebrates; attaches to the oviduct

Mesometrium

largest; attaches to uterus and stretches as fetus grown

1. Cortex

2. Medulla

What is the overall gross anatomy of the ovary?

peripheral; follicles;

central

Cortex has ____ region and houses _______.

But the medulla is the _____ region and numerous vessels enter here

cells

E2 (estradiol) ; P4 (Progesterone)

The Exocrine function of the ovary is that it produces ____

and the endocrine function is that it produces ___ and ____

1. Estrus Cycle

2. Menstrual Cycle

Name the 2 cyclic cycles of the ovary

Estrus Cycle

limited period of time when females are sexually receptive to male; typically only 1 day; defined by changes in hormonal patterns, many of which occur bc. of structures on the ovary

Menstural Cycle

period from start of one menses (a period) to the next; typically 21 days w/ a range of 18-24 days

Corpus Luteum

created from remnants of cells that used to make up the follicle; 1^st recorded in cow and it was yellow; most species it’s actually white

ducts

generally created by epithelial cells

Primordial Follicle

most immature follicle; formed during development of fetus

–Surrounded by pregranulosa cells/ squamous ep.

–They can remain within ovary for decades before they start to develop

–Stimulation of their development is unknown

-only grow once puberty hits

Primary Follicle

–Oocytes surrounded by a single layer of cuboidal granulosa cells

-have a cuboidal cell covering (-cuboidal cells called granulosa cells when they start to produce estrogen

Secondary Follicle

–More than one 1 layer of cuboidal granulosa cells

–No cavity (antrum) formation

follicular; Cavity (antrum); granulosa

Tertiary Follice

–Get pockets of _______ fluid

–Increased follicular size

–______ (antrum) formation begins

–Antrum filled with follicular fluid

•Follicular fluid – produced by _______- cells

Graafian Follicle

the Cavity (antrum) is formed here and:

–These follicles can be palpated

–Wall of follicle thins and erupts at ovulation

Gap Junctions

in this, granulosa; cells are interconnected allowing oocyte to give and receive info

GDF-9 (growth differentiation factor 9)

This is:

the 1st oocyte protein discovered

directs occyte growth

if knocked out of animals; follicles don’t develop past primary stage

Theca Externa

If layers of the follicle don’t produce hormones it’s called the:

Theca Interna

If layers of the follicle have many blood vessels; produces Testoerone, and leaves vessels and stimulates theca and granulosa cells it is the

Basement Membrane

Separates theca interna and granulosa cells

in ovulation the cell reorganizes this and in CL blood vessels enter through inner follicle area becoming part of CL

Corona Radiata

This has immediate contact w/ zona pellucida and has finger-like processes that go through ZP and contact vitelline membrane

Zona Pellucida

Protein triplet at vitellus membrane

-serves in regulating sperm at fertilization

Metestrus follicles

What type of follicle is primarily atretic?

400

Approximately how many follicles mature for ovulation

HINT: most degen of follices occur in primary, secondary, teritary, and Graafian follicles

2000-3000

How many follicles are there initially on an ovary

Ovulation

•Defined as: Purposeful degradation of tissue

enzymatic digestion

Ovulation is due to the _____ _____ of the preovulatory follicular wall (STIGMA)

Camel, cat rabbit

Name 3 animals that have induced (mating’s necessary for ovulation) ovulation

Humans, cow, goat

Name 3 animals that have spontaneous (ovulate regardless of mated) ovulation.

Corpus hemorragicum

The blood filled remains of a ruptured follicle is known as the ___ ____

Corpus Albicans

This is the regressed of the CL and is a “white body”

It forms in absence of pregnancy