AR Quiz 3

What was the main problem with the Articles of Confederation?

It created a weak central authority.

What event highlighted the weaknesses of the Articles of Confederation and prompted the Constitutional Convention?

Shay’s Rebellion.

What mechanism was put in place to protect against excess democracy in the U.S. government?

The Electoral College and the Senate.

What did the Large-State Plan (Virginia Plan) propose regarding representation in Congress?

Proportional representation favoring large states.

Which states were laggards in ratifying the Constitution due to fears of strong federal power?

Rhode Island and North Carolina.

What are the Federalist Papers?

Essays by Hamilton, Madison, and Jay supporting the ratification of the Constitution.

Who led the Federalist Party and what were its main goals?

Hamilton, who favored a strong central government, a national bank, and close ties to Britain.

What did the Anti-Federalists demand as a condition for supporting the Constitution?

A Bill of Rights.

What was the primary focus of the Democratic-Republicans led by Jefferson?

States' rights and an agrarian society.

What was the significance of the Judiciary Act of 1801?

Established midnight appointments to secure Federalist control in the courts.

What was the outcome of the 'Revolution of 1800' in U.S. politics?

A peaceful transfer of power from Federalists to Democratic-Republicans.

What did Washington warn against in his Farewell Address?

Political parties and foreign alliances.

What was the Whiskey Rebellion and how did Washington respond?

A protest against Hamilton's tax on whiskey; Washington's response demonstrated federal strength.

What precedent was set by the Supreme Court case Marbury v. Madison?

The establishment of judicial review.

What did the Northwest Ordinance of 1787 accomplish?

Set rules for new states and banned slavery in the Northwest Territory.

What does the Fourth Amendment protect against?

Unreasonable searches and seizures.

What protections does the Fifth Amendment provide?

Against self-incrimination, double jeopardy, and guarantees due process.

What rights does the Sixth Amendment ensure?

The right to a speedy trial, legal counsel, and a fair jury.

What does the Tenth Amendment state regarding powers not given to the federal government?

They are reserved for the states.

What was Shay’s Rebellion and its significance?

A farmers' revolt over taxes and debt that exposed weaknesses of the Articles of Confederation, leading to the Constitutional Convention.