Mobile Device Forensics and the Internet of Anything

fourth-generation (4G)

Sprint Nextel introduced the______ network in 2009.

Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA)

Developed during World War II, this technology was patented by Qualcomm after the war. One of the most common digital networks, it uses the full radio frequency spectrum to define channels.

Global System for Mobile Communications (GSM)

Another common digital network, it’s used by AT&T and T-Mobile in the United States and is the standard in Europe and Asia.

Time Division Multiple Access (TDMA)

This digital network uses the technique of dividing a radio frequency into time slots; GSM networks use this technique. It also refers to a specific cellular network standard covered by Interim Standard (IS) 136.

Integrated Digital Enhanced Network (iDEN)

This Motorola protocol combines several services, including data transmission, into one network.

Digital Advanced Mobile Phone Service (D-AMPS)

This network is a digital version of the original analog standard for cell phones.

Enhanced Data GSM Environment (EDGE)

This digital network, a faster version of GSM, is designed to deliver data.

Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM)

This technology for 4G networks uses energy more efficiently than 3G networks and is more immune to interference

Telecommunications Industry Association (TIA)

Most CDM networks conform to IS-95, created by the _____. These systems are referred to as CDMAOne, and when they went to 3G services, they became CDMA2000.

TDMA technique

GSM uses the ____, in which multiple phones take turns sharing a channel on a round-robin basis.

International Telecommunications Union (ITU)

The 3G standard was developed by the ________ under United Nations. It is compatible with CDMA, GSM, and TDMA.

Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM)

It uses numerous parallel carriers instead of a single broad carrier and is less susceptible to interference.

Mobile WiMAX

This technology uses the IEEE 802.16e standard and OFDMA, and supports transmission speeds of 12 Mbps.

Ultra Mobile Broadband (UMB)

Also known as CDMA2000 EV-DO, this technology was used by CDMA network providers to switch to 4G and supports transmission speeds of 275 Mbps for downlinks and 75 Mbps for uplinks.

Multiple Input Multiple Output (MIMO)

This technology, developed by Airgo and acquired by Qualcomm, supports transmission speeds of 312 Mbps and is used by 4G, WiMAX, and other technologies.

Long Term Evolution (LTE)

This technology, designed for GSM and Universal Mobile Telecommunications Systems (UMTS) technology, supports 45 Mbps to 144 Mbps transmission speeds. Commonly called “4G LTE.”

Base transceiver station (BTS):

This component is made up of radio transceiver equipment that defines cells and communicates with mobile phones.

Base station controller (BSC)

This combination of hardware and software manages BTSs and assigns channels by connecting to the mobile switching center.

Mobile switching center (MSC)

This component connects calls by routing digital packets for the network and relies on a database to support subscribers. This central database contains account data, location data, and other key information needed during an investigation.

electronically erasable programmable read-only memory (EEPROM)

Phone store system data in _______, which enables service providers to reprogram phones without having to access memory chips physically.

personal digital assistants (PDAs)

For personal use, ______ have been replaced by iPods, iPads, and other mobile devices. It shifted to more specific markets; they are now handhelds and are still sold on sites.

Compact Flash (CF)

These were used for extra storage and work much the same way as PCMCIA cards.

MultiMediaCard (MMC)

These were designed for mobile phones, but they can be used with PDAs to provide another storage media.

Secure Digital (SD)

These cards are similar to MMCs but have added security features to protect data; they’re now used on smartphones.

SIM cards

These are usually found in GSM devices and consist of a microprocessor and internal memory

GSM

Refers to mobile phones as “mobile stations” and divides a station into two parts: the SIM card and the mobile equipment (ME), which is the remainder of the phone.

Manual extraction

This method involves looking at the device’s content page by page and taking pictures. It’s used if investigators can’t do a logical or physical extraction.

Logical extraction

The mobile device is connected to a forensic workstation via a wired or wireless connection and then the file system information is extracted.

Chip-off

This method requires physically removing flash memory chip and gathering information at the binary level.

Micro read

This method looks at logic gates with an electron microscope and can be used even when data has been overwritten on magnetic media. It’s very expensive, however, so it’s typically used only in cases involving national security.

E3:DS

It examines Internet of Things (IoT) devices, has a bootloader for locked mobile devices, and can perform data parsing and cloud data capture. Paraben offers different packages for a variety of uses.

DataPilot

It has collection of cables that can interface with phones made by Nokia, Motorola, Ericsson, Samsung, Audiovox, Sanyo, and others.

BitPim

A tool used to view data on many CDMA phones, including LG, Samsung, Sanyo, and others. It offers versions for Windows, Linux, and macOS.

Cellebrite UFED Forensic System

It works with smartphones, PDAs, tablets, and GPS devices. This kit comes with several hundred cables, includes handset support for phones from outside the United States, and handles multiple languages.

Micro Systemation XRY

It retrieves data from smartphones, GPS devices, tablets, music players, and drones.

MOBILedit Forensic

A forensics software tool containing a built-in write-blocker. It can connect to phones directly via Bluetooth, irDA, or a cable and can read SIM cards by using a SIM reader. It’s notable for being very user-friendly.

enhanced Mobile BroadBand (eMBB)

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5G that provides more bandwidth to increase digital connectivity for users.

Ultra-reliable and Low-latency Communications (uRLLC)

5G that ocuses on devices such as self-driving cars.

massive Machine Type Communications (mMTC)

5G that focuses on smart cities.