PTA Overview PT 2

Roll
(Arthrokinematic)

Rolling of one joint surface on another
New points on each surfface come into contract through out the motion

Roll
(Arthrokinematic)
Example

Ball rollling across the ground

Joint Congruency

Describes how well joint surfaces match or fit together

Types of joint congruency

close packed and open packed

Adduction

movement toward midline

Active R.O.M.

Patient preforms the movement of joints independently

Protrusion

State or condition of being thrust forward or projecting

an example of Protrusion

Bringing jaw forward

Eversion

Turning the sole of the foot away from the midline

Protraction

Moving a body part forward and its parallel to ground

Inversion

turning the sole of the feet inward toward midline

Active Assisted R.O.M.

assistance provided by outside force either manually or mechanically because prime movers need help to complete the motion

Passive R.O.M.

Movement of joint when external force (Machine therapist) moves it for you
Person does not preform any movement themselves
(no intrinsic muscle activity)

Degrees of Freedom

number of planes in which a joint can move

Motions that occur in sagittal plane

Flexion and Extension

Sagittal axis of motion

Medial/Lateral

Frontal plane axis of motion

Anterior/Posterior

Types of Arthrokinematic motion

Roll
Glide
Spin

Maximum number of degrees of freedom that an individual joint can have

3

How is sagittal plane split

Divides body into left and right halves
If equal L and R parts = Cardinal

Abduction

Movement away from midline

Flexion

Bending movement of 1 bone on another
Bringing 2 segments together

What is frontal plane

Divides body into front and back parts
Motions+ abduction and adduction

Close packed position

Maximum joint stability (High stability)
Tight ligaments (Forcing further=tearing)
Maximum joint congruency/full contact below bones

Close packed position
example

Fully Extending knee

Open Packed

Less contact below bones, allows more movement
Minimal stress on joint, minimal congruency of joint, great laxity in ligament position

Open Packed
Example

Knee slightly bent

Ulnar Deviation

Motion of wrist
adduction towards pinky side

Radial Deviation

Movement of hand towards radius bone (Thumb side)
Abduction

Internal rotation

When anterior surface of the bone rolls inward toward the midline

Arthrokinematic

Movement of joints
Not under voluntary control
(cannot be seen)

Arthrokinematic
example

roll, spin, glide

Osteokinematics

Movement of bone
Movement that can be seen
Under voluntary control

Osteokinematics
Relative to what

the 3 cardinal planes of the body

Planes of action

3 fixed lines of reference
1.sagittal
2.frontal
3.transverse

transverse
axis of motion

superior/inferior

What are the 3 planes of action in the body

sagittal, frontal, transverse

what is transverse plane

divides body into top and bottom sections
Motion=rotation

Planes are relative to BLANK not to the BLANK

body and environment

Convex on concave rule

convex joint surface will move on a fixed concave surface in the opposite direction as the body segment’s motion

Convex on concave rule example

the shoulder

Concave on convex rule

moves in the same direction the body segment is moving

Concave on convex rule example

the elbow

Retrusion

bringing chin back into the neck