Working Memory Model (Booklet 6)

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13 Terms

1
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What part of memory does the working memory model (WMM) describe?

Short term memory

2
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Name the 4 stores in the working memory model

  • Central executive

  • Phonological loop

  • Visual spatial sketchpad

  • Episodic buffer

3
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Describe the function and capacity of the central executive

Co-ordinates the activities of the three subsystems in memory. Has a capacity of 3.

4
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Describe the function of the phonological loop and what it consists of

Deals with auditory information and preserves the order on which information arrives. Consists of:

  • Phonological store (stores words you hear)

  • Articulatory process (allows maintenance rehearsal- repeating sounds or words in a loop to keep in working memory)

5
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Describe the function of the visuo-spatial sketchpad (VSS) and what it consists of

The visuo-spatial sketchpad (VSS) stores visual and/or spatial information when required. Consists of:

  • Visual cache (stores visual data)

  • Inner scribe (records arrangement of objects in the visual field)

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Describe the function of the episodic buffer and when it was added to the model

Integrating and storing information temporarily from the central executive, the phonological loop, the visuo-spatial sketchpad and long term memory. It was added in 2000. (limited capacity of about 4 chunks of information)

7
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<p>Label the diagram</p>

Label the diagram

A. Central executive

B. Visuo-spatial sketchpad

C. Inner scribe

D. Visual Cache

E. Episodic buffer

F. Phonological store

G. Articulatory loop

H. Phonological loop

<p>A. Central executive</p><p>B. Visuo-spatial sketchpad</p><p>C. Inner scribe</p><p>D. Visual Cache</p><p>E. Episodic buffer</p><p>F. Phonological store</p><p>G. Articulatory loop</p><p>H. Phonological loop</p><p></p>
8
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How does the case study of KF support the model?

  • KF had a motorbike accident and after could recall info from his STM if he read it but not if he heard it

  • This proves STM is not a single store and it is made up of different stores for verbal and visual information (phonological loop and visuo-spatial sketchpad)

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Describe Dual Task Study’s

  • Participants were asked to carry out 2 tasks at the same time

  • If both tasks involve one component of the model (for example phonological loop- saying “the” repeatedly and reading) participants find the task difficult

  • If each task involves a different component (for example imaging a picture (VSS) whilst reading (PL)) this is easier

  • If both tasks involve the same component this is harder as both tasks use the same slave system which has limited capacity

  • Supports the WMM as it shows there is a component for visual and auditory information

10
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Give an example of Baddeley’s dual task study

Group 1:

  • Task 1: Describe the letter “F”

  • Task 2: Track a beam of light on a screen

  • Slave systems: Phonological loop, visuo-spatial sketchpad and visuo-spatial sketchpad again.

Group 2:

  • Task 1: Say the nursery rhyme “twinkle twinkle little star”

  • Task 2: Track a beam of light on a screen

  • Slave systems: Phonological loop, visuo-spatial sketchpad.

11
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How does evidence from brain scans support the WMM?

The phonological loop, visuo-spatial sketchpad and central executive must be separate components as they are processed in physically separate parts of the brain.

12
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Why is the role of the central executive unclear?

  • Case of EVR who had brain surgery to remove a tumour

  • After surgery EVR could no longer make decisions but his problem solving was unaffected

  • This suggests the central executive is not a single store but is made up of different stores (brain scan evidence backs this up)

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Explain why the model doesn’t account for musical memory

Participants can listen to instrumental music without impairing performance on other acoustic tasks. This suggests musical memory must be separate to the phonological loop.