chapter 1

A body that does not deform or change shape, where the distance between any two particles remains constant, is called a r_______ b_______.

rigid body

Distinguish between circular motion and rotational motion according to the text.

In circular motion, the object just moves in a circle (like an artificial satellite). In rotational motion, the object rotates about an axis (like a fan or the Earth).

The three rotational variables introduced to analyze rotational motion for a rigid body are a_______ d_______, a_______ v_______, and a_______ a_______.

angular displacement:angular velocity:angular acceleration

Explain how to find the direction of the angular velocity vector using the right-hand rule.

Wrap your right hand around the axis of rotation so that your fingers point in the direction of rotation. Your thumb will point in the direction of the angular velocity vector.

When an object's angular velocity is increasing, in what direction does the angular acceleration vector point relative to the angular velocity vector?

It points in the same direction as the angular velocity vector.

When an object's angular velocity is decreasing, in what direction does the angular acceleration vector point relative to the angular velocity vector?

It points in the opposite direction to the angular velocity vector.

The equations of motion for constant angular acceleration in rotational motion are analogous to the equations for which type of motion studied in Grade 10?

Linear motion with constant acceleration.

For a particle in a rotating object, the magnitude of the linear velocity is also called t_______ v_______ because its direction is tangent to the path.

tangential velocity

When the magnitude of the angular velocity of a rotating object changes, the object experiences t_______ a_______, which is always tangent to the circular path.

tangential acceleration

Describe uniform circular motion as defined in the text.

An object moving in a circle at a constant speed. The magnitude of the velocity remains constant, but its direction continuously changes.

What causes centripetal acceleration in uniform circular motion?

The continuous change in the direction of the velocity vector as the object moves around the circle.

For uniform circular motion, what is the direction of the centripetal acceleration vector?

It points towards the centre of the circular path.

In uniform circular motion, how are the centripetal acceleration vector and the linear velocity vector oriented relative to each other?

They are perpendicular to each other at every point on the path.

In nonuniform circular motion, what additional acceleration exists apart from the centripetal acceleration?

Tangential acceleration.

How do you find the resultant acceleration of an object in nonuniform circular motion?

It is the vector sum of the centripetal acceleration and the tangential acceleration.

Which type of acceleration (centripetal or tangential) is present in both uniform and nonuniform circular motion?

Centripetal acceleration.

Under what condition does an object in circular motion experience tangential acceleration?

When the speed (or magnitude of linear velocity/angular velocity) is varying.

If a child sits near the outer edge of a rotating carousel and another child sits halfway out from the center, which child has a greater linear velocity?

The child near the outer edge.

If a child sits near the outer edge of a rotating carousel and another child sits halfway out from the center, which child has the greater angular velocity?

Both children have the same angular velocity.

When a centrifuge slows down to rest, what two types of acceleration does a point at its tip experience?

Both centripetal acceleration and tangential acceleration.

Under what condition is the angular acceleration of a rotating object equal to zero?

When there is no change in its angular velocity.

In rotational motion, all particles of a rigid body undergo circular motion about a common a_______ of r_______.

axis:rotation

Centripetal acceleration is also known as r_______ acceleration because it is directed along the radius towards the center of the circle.

radial

In nonuniform circular motion, the vector sum of centripetal and tangential accelerations is called the r_______ a_______.

resultant acceleration

The direction of angular velocity is usually specified by the r_______-h_______ r_______.

right-hand rule

The kinematic equations for rotational motion under constant angular acceleration are derived in terms of a_______ d_______, a_______ v_______, and a_______ a_______.

angular displacement:angular velocity:angular acceleration

In which type of circular motion does the speed of the object remain constant?

Uniform circular motion.