Anterior Teeth

What is the imaginary line that divides the body into equal right and left halves?

Midline

What is the cutting edge of an anterior tooth called?

Incisal edge

Which tooth surface faces the tongue?

Lingual surface

Which tooth surface faces the lips or cheeks?

Facial surface

Which specific facial surface faces the lips?

Labial surface

Which surface of a tooth is closest to the midline?

Mesial surface

Which surface of a tooth is farthest from the midline?

Distal surface

What is the area near the neck of the tooth closest to the gums called?

Gingival (cervical) area

What are the Universal numbers for the permanent maxillary central incisors?

8 and 9

What is the Palmer notation for the maxillary central incisors?

1 | 1

What are the FDI (International) numbers for the maxillary central incisors?

11 and 21

Which anterior tooth is widest mesiodistally?

Maxillary central incisor

Which is the only anterior tooth wider mesiodistally than faciolingually?

Maxillary central incisor

How does the labial surface of a maxillary central incisor compare in convexity to other anterior teeth?

It is less convex (flatter), giving a square or rectangular appearance

Describe the mesio-incisal angle of the maxillary central incisor.

Almost a right angle (very sharp)

Where is the cingulum positioned on a maxillary central incisor?

Offset toward the distal

From the mesial view, what shape is the crown of a maxillary central incisor?

Triangular or wedge-shaped

Which tooth shows the greatest cervical curvature on the mesial surface of any tooth in the mouth?

Maxillary central incisor

From the incisal view, what overall shape does a maxillary central incisor have?

Triangular

From the incisal view, where is the incisal edge located relative to the root on a maxillary central incisor?

Centered over the root

What is the minimum acceptable crown-to-root ratio?

1 : 1

Approximately how much longer is the root of a maxillary central incisor than its crown?

About 2–3 mm

What is the cross-sectional shape of a maxillary central incisor root?

Triangular with softened corners

How many root canals are typically found in a maxillary central incisor?

One (almost 100 % of cases)

What are mamelons?

Rounded protuberances on the incisal edge of newly erupted incisors

What is the term for a space between teeth, commonly seen between the central incisors?

Diastema

Where is the mesial contact point of a maxillary central incisor?

Incisal third

Where is the distal contact point of a maxillary central incisor?

Junction of the incisal and middle thirds

At what age do maxillary central incisors usually erupt?

7–8 years

What are the Universal numbers for the permanent maxillary lateral incisors?

7 and 10

Which anterior tooth exhibits the greatest curvature of the incisal edge?

Maxillary lateral incisor

Which anterior tooth has the deepest lingual fossa?

Maxillary lateral incisor

Which anterior tooth is most likely to develop lingual pit caries?

Maxillary lateral incisor

Where is the cingulum positioned on a maxillary lateral incisor?

Centered mesiodistally

From the incisal view, how do the mesiodistal and faciolingual dimensions of a maxillary lateral incisor compare?

They are very similar (more so than any other anterior tooth)

What shape does a maxillary lateral incisor appear from the incisal view?

Circle

How long is the root of a maxillary lateral incisor relative to its crown?

About 1.5 times the crown length

Toward which direction does the root of a maxillary lateral incisor typically taper?

Toward the distal

What is the cross-sectional shape of a maxillary lateral incisor root?

Ovoid or egg-shaped

Where are the proximal contact points on a maxillary lateral incisor?

Mesial: junction of incisal and middle thirds; Distal: center of middle third

At what age do maxillary lateral incisors usually erupt?

8–9 years

Which tooth varies in form more than any other except third molars?

Maxillary lateral incisor

What is a common anomaly involving maxillary lateral incisors?

Peg laterals

List three primary functions of incisors.

Cutting/slicing food, esthetics, and phonetics

Which labial characteristic helps distinguish a maxillary central from a lateral incisor?

Centrals are more labially symmetrical; laterals have a rounder distal outline

How can you determine left vs. right for a maxillary central incisor using the incisal angles?

The mesio-incisal angle is sharper, and the disto-incisal angle is more rounded

When viewed lingually, toward which side is the cingulum of a maxillary central incisor offset, helping identify left vs. right?

Toward the distal side

In what direction does the root tip of a maxillary central incisor usually curve, aiding in left/right identification?

Toward the distal

Universal Numbering of Mand. Cent Incisors

24, 25

Palmer Notation of Mand. Cent. Incisors

1| |1

FDI Numbering of Mand. Cent. Incisors

31, 41

Smallest Crown Dimensions on any tooth (Facial)

Mandibular Central Incisors

(Facial; Mand. Cent. In) Incisal edge is ... and ... to the long axis

Straight; Perpendicular

Shape of Mand. Cent. Incisor (Facial)

Rectangular

(Facial; Mand. Cent. In) Root tapers to the ...

distal

(Mand. Cent. In) Lingual surface is ...

smooth with slight concavity

(Lingual; Mand. Cent. In) The marginal ridges ... prominent

are not

(Facial; Mand. Cent. In) The cingulum is ...

centered and poorly developed

(Mesial/Distal; Mand. Cent. In) The cervical curvature is greater on the ...

Mesial

(Mesial/Distal; Mand. Cent. In) Does it have broad developmental depression?

True

(Mesial/Distal; Mand. Cent. In) Height of Contour on facial and lingual

cervical 1/3

(Mesial/Distal; Mand. Cent. In) Incisal edge is ...

Lingual

(Incisal; Mand. Cent. In) The tooth has ... symmetry

bilateral

(Incisal; Mand. Cent. In) The incisal edge is almost at a ... angle to a line bisecting the crown labiolingually

right

(Incisal; Mand. Cent. In) Is it wider faciolingually or mesiodistally?

faciolingually

What shape is the cross-section of the Mand. Cent. In?

ovoid

(Cross-section; Mand. Cent. In) Is it broader labiolingually or mesiodistally?

labiolingually

Are there depressions on a cross-section of the Mand. Cent. In?

There are depressions on the mesial and distal; more distinct on distal

(Cross-section; Mand. Cent. In) How many root canals?

one root canal

What are the contact points of the Mand. Cent. In?

Mesial and Distal: Incisal 1/3

(Mand. Cent. In) Initiation of Calcification

3-4 months

(Mand. Cent. In) Enamel Completion

4-5 years

(Mand. Cent. In) Eruption

6-7 years

(Mand. Cent. In) Root Completion

9 years

First succedaneous teeth to erupt?

Mand. Cent. In; They erupt lingually

Universal Numbering of Mand. Lat. Incisors

23, 26

Palmer Notation of Mand. Lat. Incisors

2| |2

FDI Numbering of Mand. Lat. Incisors

32, 42

(Incisal) What is characteristic of the Mand. Lat. In?

a distolingual twist

(Incisal; Mand. Lat. In) Is it wider mesiolingually or faciolingually?

faciolingually

(Facial; Mand. Lat. In) What side is longer?

The mesial side; the distal side slopes downward

(Lingual; Mand. Lat. In) The cingulum is ...

offset towards the distal and poorly developed

(Lingual; Mand. Lat. In) The lingual surface is...

smooth

(Mesial/Distal; Mand. Lat. In) The incisal edge is ... to the long axis of the tooth

lingual

(Mesial/Distal; Mand. Lat. In) From the mesial view, what marginal ridges can you see?

both mesial and distal marginal ridges

(Mesial/Distal; Mand. Lat. In) From the distal view, what marginal ridges can you see?

only the distal marginal ridge

What shape is the cross-section of the Mand. lat. In?

ovoid

(Cross-section; Mand. lat. In) Is it broader labiolingually or mesiodistally?

labiolingually

Are there depressions on a cross-section of the Mand. lat. In?

depressions on the mesial and distal side; more distinct on the distal

(Cross-section; Mand. lat. In) How many root canals?

two canals in one root

What are the contact points of the Mand. lat. In?

mesial: incisal 1/3

distal: incisal 1/3, but lower

(Mand. lat. In) Initiation of calcification

3-4 months

(Mand. lat. In) Enamel completion

4-5 years

(Mand. lat. In) Eruption

7-8 years

(Mand. lat. In) Root completion

10 years

Universal Numbering of Max. Canines

6, 11

Palmer notation of Max. canines

3| |3

FDI numbering of Max. Canines

13, 23

(Facial; Max. Canine) Shape

pentagon

What are the longest teeth in the mouth?

Max. canine