Societies Quiz 2 (15-19)

In what ways does religion serve the role of a social institution

It meets several basic needs, related to societal values, and has a complex and integrated set of norms

A cultural universal is something that

is found in all cultures

which of the main theoretical perspectives would approach religion from the micro level, studying how religion impacts an individual’s sense of support and well being

Symbolic interactionism

Which perspective most emphasizes the ways in which religion helps keep the social system running smoothly

Functional Perspective

Which sociological perspective most emphasizes the ways in which religion helps maintain social inequalities within a society?

Conflict Theory

Which of the following do the functionalist and conflict perspectives share

Position that religion relates to social control, enforcing social norms

The protestant work ethic was viewed in terms of its relationship to

Capitalism

What are some denominations of the Christian Protestant church?

Methodist and Seventh Day adventist

A sect

Often believes it must split from the larger group to return important fundamentals

The main difference between an ecclesia and a denomination is

Ecclesia is state sponsored and considered an official religion

Some controversial groups that may be mislabeled as cults include

Scientology and the Hare Krishna

In what part of the world have Confucianism and Taoism been primarily practiced

China

Many stories in the sacred text of Judaism are

shared by Christianity and Islam

What do Christianity and Islam have in common

Both believe in a single supreme god, both share many of the same stories, and they both believe in an after life

Social scientists refer to the use of a church to combat social injustice in the political realms as

liberation theology

Megachurches tend to have 

Large arenas where services are held

What are the major factors that affect education systems throughout the world?

Resources and money

What do nations that are top-ranked in science and math have in common

They recruit top teachers

Informal Education

refers to the learning of cultural norms

learning from classmates that most student buy lunch on Fridays is an example of

cultural transmission

The 1972 case Mills v. Board of Education of the DC set a precedent for

Access to education

Which of the following is not a manifest function of education

Courtship

Because she plans on achieving success in marketing, Tammie is taking courses on managing social medica. This is an examples of..

Social Placement

Which theory of education focuses on the ways in which education maintains the status quo

Conflict Theory

Which theory of education focuses on the labels acquired through the educational process

Symbolic Interactionsim

What term describes the assignment of students to specific education programs and classes based on test scores, previous grades, or perceived ability?

Tracking

Functionalist theory sees education as serving the needs of

Families, society, and the individual

Rewarding students for meeting deadlines and respecting authority figures is an example of 

Transmission of Moral Education

What term describes the separation of students based on merit

Sorting

Conflict theorists see sorting as a way to

perpetuate divisions of socioeconomic status

Conflict theorists see IQ tests as being biased. Why?

They reward affluent students with questions that assume the knowledge associated with upper-class culture

Plessy v. Ferguson set the precedent that

Racial segregation in schools was allowed

Public schools must guarantee that

per-student spending is equitable

Key predictors for student success include

socioeconomic status and family background

Allowing a student to move to the next grade regardless of whether or not they have met the requirements for that grade is called

social promotion

Which statement best expresses the difference between power and authority

Authority is based on the perceived legitimacy of the individual in power

Which of the following types of authority does not reside primarily in a leader

legal rational

In the US Senate it is customary to assign each senator a seniority ranking based on years of government service and the population of the state he or she represents. A top ranking gives the senator priority for assignments to office space, committee chair positions, and seating on the senate floor. What type of authority does this example best illustrate?

Traditional

Dr. Martin Luther King Jr used his public speaking abilities and magnetism to inspire African Americans to stand up against injustice in an extremely hostile environment…

Charismatic

Which current world figure has the least amount of political power

Queen Elizabeth II

Which statement best expresses why there have been so few charismatic female leaders throughout history?

Few women have had the opportunity to hold leadership roles over the course of history

Many constitutional monarchies started out as

absolute monarchies

Which nation is an absolute monarchy

Oman

Which of the following present and former government leaders is generally considered a dictator

Kim Jong-Un

An ____ is an extremely oppressive government that seeks to control all aspects of its citizens’ lives

totalitarian dictatorship

Which is not a characteristic of democracy

A king or queen holds the majority of governmental control

Which statement best expresses why the United States is not a true democracy

Citizens elect representatives who vote on their behalf to make policy

In the past, southern states discouraged African Americans from voting by requiring them to take a _____ test

literacy

Which president signed the voting rights act

Lyndon Johnson

Which factor does not influence voting practices?

voting booths

The US Supreme Court case ____ led to the revision of voting districts to account for differences in population density?

Reynolds v. Sims

Which statement best explains the meaning of one person, one vote

All people’s votes should count equally

Which concept corresponds best to functionalism?

Interdependence

Which sociologist is not associated with conflict theory?

George H. Mead

Karl Marx believed social structure evolve through

conflict

The Arab Spring, Occupy Wall Street protests, and the tea party movement have the following in common

Conflict theory in action

Which is not one of the functionalism’s four main purposes of government?

equally distributing resources

Sociologist G. William Domhoff’s who rules America? asserts that wealth is often necessary to exert the most influence over social and political systems. This is a _____ perspective. 

Conflict Theory

Which of the following paradigms would consider movements such as occupy wall street undesirable and unnecessarily forcing social change?

Functionalism

Which of these is an example of a commodity?

corn

When did the first economies begin to develop?

when money was invented

What is the most important commodity in a postindustrial society

information

In which sector of an economy would someone working as a software developer be

quaternary

Which is an economic policy based on national policies of accumulating silver and gold by controlling markets with colonies and other countries through taxes and custom charges?

mercantilism

Who was the leading theorist on the development of socialism?

Karl Marx

The type of socialism now carried on by Russia is a form of ___ socialism

market

Among the reasons socialism never developed into a political movement in the United States was that trade unions

secured workers rights

Which country serves as an example of convergence

Singapore

Ben lost his job when general motors closed US factories and opened factories in Mexico. Now, Ben is very anti-immigration and campaigns for large-scale deportation of Mexican nationals, even though, logically, their presence does not harm him and their absence will not restore his job. Ben might be experiencing _____________.

xenophobia

Which of the following is not an aspect of globalization

integrating childcare through international trade

One reason critic oppose globalization is that it

has negative impacts on the environment

All of the following are characteristics of global cities except:

host influential philosophers

Which of the following is not a characteristics of multinational corporations

They are headquartered primarily in the US

Which is evidence that the US workforce is largely a meritocracy?

highly skilled jobs pay better than low-skill jobs

If someone does not earn enough money to pay for the essentials of life he or she is said to be ___ poor

absolutely

What is the practice where the difference between low-end and high-end jobs becomes greater and the number of people in the middle levels decreases?

outsourcing

Who determines which illness is stigmatized

society

Chronic fatigue syndrome is an example of

A contested illness

The rating of perceived exertion is an example of 

The social construction of health

What is social epidemiology

The study of the cause and distribution of disease

core nations are also known as

High income nations

many deaths in high income nations are linked to

obesity

According to the World Health Organization, what was the most frequent cause of death for children under five in low-income countries?

pneumonia and diarrheal diseases

which of the following statements is not true?

1. Black people have lower cancer rates than White people.

The process by which aspects of life that were considered bad or deviant are redefined as sickness and needing medical attention to remedy is called:

medicalization

What are the most commonly diagnosed mental disorders in the US?

anxiety disorders

Sidewalk ramps and Braille signs are examples of _______________.

accommodations required by ADA act, forms of accessibility for people with disabilities

The high unemployment rate among people with disabilities may be a result of 

stigmatization

which public healthcare system offers insurance primarily to people over 65 years old

Medicare

Which program is an example of socialized medicine?

The United States’ Veterans Health Administration

What does the individual mandate provision of the 2010 U.S. healthcare reform do?

1. Requires everyone to have insurance or pay a penalty. 

Great Britain’s healthcare system is an example of

socialized medicine

What group created the millennium development goals?

The world health organization

Which of the following is not part of the rights and responsibilities of a sick person under the functionalist perspective?

Sick person can take as long as they want

The class, race, and gender inequalities in our healthcare system support the _____________ perspective.

conflict

The removal of homosexuality from the DSM is an example of

demedicalization