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Photosynthesis
the process by which plants use sunlight, water, and carbon dioxide to create oxygen and energy in the form of sugar.
Photoautotrophs
these are photosynthetic organisms because they produce their own food using light, water, carbon dioxide and other chemicals
land plants, algae, cyanobacteria
types of photoautotrophs
photoautotrophs
"self-feeders using light"
Heterotrophs
– this is what we called the consumers
Heterotrophs
they rely on the sugars produced by photosynthetic organisms for their energy needs
Chemoautotrophs
synthesizes sugar, not by using sunlight's energy, but by extracting energy from inorganic chemical compounds
Chemoautotrophs
group of bacteria
Flowering Plants as Photosynthesizers
photosynthesis takes place in the green portions of plants
water and carbon dioxide
mesophyll tissue
- the leaves of a flowering plant contain
Mesophyll
the ground tissue of a leaf, sandwiched between the upper and lower epidermis and specialized for photosynthesis.
Stomata (Stoma)
small openings on the underside of a leaf through which oxygen and carbon dioxide can move
Chloroplasts
– An organelle found in plant and algae cells where photosynthesis occurs
Thylakoids
A flattened membrane sac inside the chloroplast, used to convert light energy into chemical energy.
Thylakoids
- It contains chlorophyll
Thylakoid lumen
A fluid-filled interior space enclosed by the thylakoid membrane.
Grana (granum)
- A stack of thylakoids in a chloroplast
Stroma
– liquid-filled space surrounding the granum
ATP
the energy currency of cells, and when cells need something, they send __________
ATP
in this case, solar energy is used to generate the _________ needed to reduce carbon dioxide to a carbohydrate
LIGHT REACTIONS, Calvin Cycle Reactions
TWO SETS OF REACTIONS
F.F. Blackman (1966-1947)
was the first to suggest, in 1905, that enzymes must be involved in the reduction of carbon dioxide to a carbohydrate and that the process must consist of two separate sets of reactions
LIGHT REACTIONS
they only occur when solar energy is available (during daylight hours).
chemical energy
during the light reactions, solar energy is converted to
Calvin Cycle Reactions
During this reaction, CO2 is taken up and then reduced to a carbohydrate that can later be converted to glucose
carbon dioxide
the ATP and NADPH formed during the light reactions are used to reduce
Solar energy
can be described in terms of its wavelength and its energy content
visible-light range
Most of the radiation reaching the Earth is within the ________
visible light
most prevalent in the environment
Solar energy
we can conclude that organic molecules and processes within organisms, such as vision and photosynthesis, are chemically adapted to the radiation associated with visible light
