Memory Encoding and Retrieval Concepts

This set of flashcards covers key concepts related to memory encoding and retrieval, including definitions, processes, and theories.

Memory encoding

The process needed to turn any info into a memory that can later be recalled.

Short term memory

A type of memory that holds information for a few seconds before transferring it to long term memory.

Long term memory

A type of memory that can hold information for minutes, days, months, or even years.

Depth of processing

The level at which information is processed; deeper processing relates to better retention.

Flashbulb memories

Vivid memories of emotionally intense events that may not be as accurate as perceived.

Intention to learn

The belief that the desire to remember something will improve encoding, which has been shown to be ineffective.

Prior knowledge

Existing information stored in long-term memory that aids the encoding of new information.

Schema

A memory representation containing information about a type of event.

False memory

The retrieval of information that has never been encoded.

Repression

An active forgetting process that protects individuals from memories that cause suffering.

Decay theory

The idea that unused memories fade over time.

Proactive interference

When old information interferes with the recall of new information.

Retroactive interference

When new information interferes with the recall of old information.

Tip of the tongue phenomenon

The inability to retrieve a word or memory, despite feeling that it is accessible.

Ebbinghaus forgetting curve

A graph that illustrates the decline of memory retention over time.

Incidental memory task

A memory task where participants are not informed they will later need to recall the information.

Cued recall

A type of memory recall that provides specific prompts to aid retrieval.

Suggestibility

The phenomenon where memory recall is influenced by external factors, such as the phrasing of questions.

Misattribution

Confusing the sources or context of a memory, leading to a false memory.

Memory retrieval

An active, reconstructive process where details of an event are recalled.