ICT and Digital Technologies - Vocabulary Flashcards

Vocabulary flashcards covering ICT concepts, cybersecurity, web basics, social/cloud technologies, multimedia tools, and common software (Word, PowerPoint, Excel).

ICT

Information and Communication Technology; use of devices and systems to send, save, edit, and transmit electronic information.

Information

Facts provided or learned about something or someone.

Communication

Imparting or exchanging of information or news.

Technology

Scientific knowledge for practical purposes, especially in industry; machinery and equipment from applied science.

World Wide Web (WWW)

A system of interlinked documents accessed via the Internet; created by Tim Berners‑Lee.

E-mail

Electronic mail; messages sent electronically over the Internet.

Chat

Real-time text-based or voice communication online.

Immateriality

Information that can be moved or transmitted without physical form.

Interconnection

Link between different technologies enabling communication across systems.

Digitization

Converting information into a single universal digital format.

Interactivity

Exchange of information between user and computer.

Instantaneity

Transmitting information over long distances with extreme speed.

Innovation

Development of new means to enhance communication.

Influenciality

Ability to access large amounts of information and build knowledge through connections with others.

Diversity of information

Information that can impact broad groups and sectors like economy and education.

Importance of ICT

ICT as a source of knowledge, a medium to transfer knowledge, a medium of interaction, and a means of seeking help.

Advantages of ICT

Benefits such as improved communication, globalization, cost-effectiveness, greater availability, and bridging cultural gaps.

Disadvantages of ICT

Negative aspects like harmful content, unemployment, privacy concerns, lack of job security, and cultural dominance.

Cybercrime

Illegal acts done using the Internet.

Phishing

Attempt to acquire sensitive information (usernames, passwords, credit card details).

Spoofing

An attacker impersonates another device or user on a network to launch attacks or steal data.

Blackmail/extortion

Forcing payment or services through coercion.

Hacking (Accessing stored communication)

Intentionally accessing a facility providing electronic communications without authorization.

Sports betting

Gambling on sports events or contests over the Internet.

Electronic/cyber harassment

Online harassment or bullying.

Child pornography

Exploitation of children by clients of child prostitutes.

Online prostitution

Persuading or coercing individuals to engage in prostitution via interstate commerce.

Online drug trafficking

Engaging drug trafficking on the Internet.

Criminal copyright infringement

Piracy for profit; illegal copying/distribution of copyrighted works.

Information source

Origin of information; the starting point of data.

Encoder

Device that converts information into a signal for transmission.

Transmitter

Device that sends the signal.

Receiver

Device that receives the signal.

Decoder

Device that converts received signal back into usable information.

Storage

Saving information for later retrieval.

Retrieval

Accessing stored information when needed.

Information destination

End-point where information is delivered.

Synchronous

Communication where both parties send data at the same time.

Asynchronous

Communication with a time delay between sending and receiving.

Online chat

Text-based real-time chat conducted online.

Satellite

Technology used for TV channels and video conferencing; part of communications.

Mobile technology

Communication via mobile devices like smartphones and tablets.

Internet

Global system of connected networks using TCP/IP to link billions of devices.

LAN (Local Area Network)

Collection of devices connected in one physical location.

WAN (Wide Area Network)

Large network not tied to a single location; can span regions/worlds.

Static Web Pages

Web pages that cannot be manipulated by the user; non-interactive content.

Dynamic Web Pages

Web pages that allow user contribution and interaction.

Folksonomy

Classification using freely chosen words (e.g., hashtags).

Rich User Experience

Dynamic, responsive design that reacts to user input.

User Participation

Users can contribute content (comments, reviews, etc.).

Long Tail

Services offered on demand rather than one-time purchases.

Software as a Service (SaaS)

Software delivered over the Internet via subscription rather than purchase.

Mass Participation

Broad sharing of information through universal web access.

Semantic Web (3.0)

Web where machines understand user preferences to tailor content.

Technological Convergence

Synergy of tech advancements working toward common goals.

Social Media

Platforms enabling users to create, co-create, discuss, and share content.

Social Networks

Sites that connect people with shared interests or backgrounds.

Bookmarking sites

Sites to store/manage links and tags for easy search/share.

Social News

Sites where users post news items or links to sources.

Media Sharing

Sites for uploading and sharing media (images, music, video).

Microblogging

Sites focusing on short updates for followers.

Blogs and Forums

Sites where users post content; blogs and discussion forums.

iOS

Apple's mobile operating system used on iPhone/iPad.

Android

Open-source mobile OS developed by Google.

Blackberry OS

Operating system used on BlackBerry devices.

Windows Phone OS

Microsoft’s closed proprietary mobile OS.

Symbian

Original smartphone OS used on some Nokia devices.

WebOS

OS originally for smartphones; now used in some smart TVs.

Windows Mobile

Microsoft’s mobile operating system.

Assistive Media

Non‑profit service to help people with visual/reading impairments.

Cloud Computing

Accessing software and storage remotely over the Internet; data lives in the cloud.

Client Computers

Devices used by end users to access cloud services.

Distributed Servers

Servers in different locations acting as a single system.

Datacenters

Facilities housing servers and storage for cloud services.

Public Cloud

Cloud services available to the general public; potentially less secure.

Private Cloud

Cloud services restricted to a single organization with higher security.

Community Cloud

Clouds shared by a group of organizations.

Hybrid Cloud

Combination of public and private cloud use.

Internet Safety

Online safety and security of people and their information.

Internet Security

Strategies and tools to protect online activities and data.

CIA Triad – Confidentiality

Protecting data from unauthorized disclosure.

CIA Triad – Integrity

Maintaining data accuracy and trustworthiness; not tampered with.

CIA Triad – Availability

Ensuring data/services are accessible when needed.

Masquerader

Unauthorized user who uses someone else’s credentials.

Misfeasor

Authorized user who misuses privileges or accesses beyond authorization.

Clandestine User

User with elevated access who evades auditing.

Computer Crime

Criminal acts involving computers (fraud, theft, etc.).

Hackers

People who gain unauthorized access to systems for various purposes.

Crackers

Criminals who break into systems or bypass protections.

Damage to computers

Destruction or impairment of computer hardware or software.

Theft

Stealing hardware, software, data, or time.

View/Manipulation

Unauthorized entry into or alteration of data.

Dormant Phase

Virus phase when it has accessed but is not yet active.

Propagation Phase

Virus phase where it multiplies and spreads.

Triggering Phase

Phase when the virus becomes activated.

Execution Phase

Virus payload is released and operations begin.

Trojan Horse

Malicious code that looks legitimate but controls the system.

Spyware

Software that runs in the background to monitor user activity.

Adware

Software that displays unwanted advertisements.

Ransomware

Malware that blocks access to data and demands payment.