IB Geography Unit 6

Hacking, ID Theft

Hacking, ID Theft

Involves stealing intellectual property, taking control of online bank accounts, spreading viruses, and disrupting computer-controlled services.

Phishing

A method of internet danger where individuals are tricked into providing sensitive information through fake emails or websites.

Trojans

A computer danger that intercepts data input by users, often through infected sites, links, or attachments, to steal information.

Interception

Connection dangers that occur when using unprotected internet connections, allowing for the interception and theft of all data.

Bangladesh Bank Heist

A case study where false instructions led to the transfer of $81 million to hackers before being partially recovered.

Government Surveillance

The extent to which societies should accept surveillance of citizens' data, regulated by legal frameworks and aiming to prevent illegal surveillance.

Surveillance in China

Characteristics, aims, and impacts of surveillance, including both positive (increased safety) and negative (mass suppression) aspects.

Environmental Risks

Risks like natural disasters, political instability, and demand shocks that can disrupt the supply chain.

Japan Earthquakes

A case study illustrating how natural disasters like the 2011 earthquake in Japan can impact supply chains.

Profit Repatriation

The process of returning profits to the country of origin, often involving tax avoidance strategies by TNCs.

Disruptive Technology

Innovations that significantly change how consumers, industries, or businesses operate.

Globalisation

The process of interaction and integration among people, companies, and governments worldwide, contrasted with tribalisation/nationalism.

Transboundary Pollution

Emissions that cross borders, causing issues like acid deposition and strategies to reduce impacts.

Singapore Oil Spills

A case study highlighting environmental impacts along shipping lanes, such as oil spills in busy ports.

Carbon Footprints

The environmental impact of different flows, including goods (food miles) and people (migration, tourism).

Global Shift

The movement of manufacturing from HICs to NICs, leading to environmental impacts due to lower regulations and infrastructure.

Civil Society Response

Strategies used by civil society to address environmental and social risks of global interactions, including crowdsourcing.