ES Topic 3 Test Review

Mantle

Thickest layer of the Earth

Crust

Thinnest layer of the Earth

Properties of inner core

Solid, hottest layer, under the most pressure

Properties of outer core

Liquid, causes magnetic field

Causes rock to rise

Rock is heated

Can occur after a rock is weathered

Rock can get compacted and form sedimentary rock

Causes sedimentary rock to form

Cementing of small pieces of rock or shell

Causes metamorphic rock to form

Rocks are buried below the surface, pressure combined with heat

Properties of rocks

Made of particles called grains, 3 main types based on how they form

Properties of minerals

Made of a crystal structure, more then 5,000 types, can be left behind when bodies of water evaporate

Crystallization

When liquid evaporates you can observe tiny minerals that are left behind

Happens to material as it moves through the stages of the rock cycle

The same matter is recycled over and over

Sun

Where energy comes from that is needed for organic materials to be made.

Step 1 in rock formation by convection

Rock is heated in the lower parts of the mantle

Step 2 in rock formation by convection

The rock becomes less dense and rises

Step 3 in rock formation by convection

Rising hot rock forms new crust, which moves the old crust

Step 4 in rock formation by convection

Old parts of the plates sink downward

Weathering

Responsible for causing columns of rock to form in caves

Plate movement, wind or water erosion

Processes that could cause a metamorphic rock to return to the surface of Earth to be worn down again

Properties of the lithosphere

Includes the top layer of the ocean, contains rock that is solid and hard

Properties of the asthenosphere

Contains flexible rock, under intense pressure

When rock cracks

It is usually quick and caused by an earthquake