Chapter 20 - Histology

vasa recta

the thin segment of the loop of henle is surrounded by a numerous straight blood capillaries called the

glomerulosa

aldosterone is a steroid hormone which stimulates sodium resorption in the distal convoluted tubule and is produced in the zona ____ of the adrenal cortex

squamous

as the proximal convoluted tubule forms the loop of henle, the epithelium changes from cuboidal to

renin

angiotensinogen from the liver is changed to angiotensis I by the action of _______ which is produced by the juxtaglomerular cells of the macula densa.

luminal microvilli

the proximal convoluted tubule can be distinguished from the distal convoluted tubule in that

true

the proximal convoluted tubule is the portion of the nephron which makes up the bulk of the kidney cortex

true

the distal convoluted tubule usually has a larger lumen than the proximal convoluted tubule

loop of henle, proximal convoluted tubule and distal convoluted tubule

the kidney renal tubule consists of

erythropoietin

The kidney helps maintain the oxygen carrying capacity of the blood by secreting _____, a glycoprotein hormone which stimulates RBC production in the myeloid tissue.

True

the ascending portion of the loop of henle actively secretes sodium to produce a high concentration of sodium outside the loop area

false

renin acts on milk glands in the breast to stimulate milk production.

false

the human kidney consists of a single large lobule

false

the macula dense is a group of cells from the proximal convoluted tubule which reside next to the renal corpuscle

vascular pole

the site where the afferent and efferent arterioles both converge on the renal corpuscle is termed the

true

the kidney's major function is excretion but along with excretion is the function of reabsorption of what the body wants to keep

false

the kidney has an outer medulla and an inner cortex portion

arcuate

in the kidney, interlobular arteries extend between loves and branch off the _____ arteries which are named so because they arch over,

ischemia

chronic renal _____ (impaired blood flow) can elect renin levels which is a contributing factor to high blood pressure

multilobar

the human kidney is ____ because it develops from a number of lobes.

diabetes insipidus

excessive production of dilute, pale-colored urine as a result of an ADH deficiency is an indication of the condition known as _____

renal corpuscle and renal tubule

the kidney nephron consists of

false

all glucose is reabsorbed from the glomerular filtrate when it passes through the distal convoluted tubule

podocytes

the glomerular epithelium is specialized in its attachment to the glomerular capillaries and these cells are called

pedicels

the glomerular epithelium attaches to the glomerular capillaries through specialized finger-like or foot processes called

true

the distal convoluted tubule usually has a larger lumen than the proximal convoluted tubule

true

the renal corpuscle consists of bowman's capsule and the glomerulus

false

blood flows through the kidney through a double circulation pathway which can take blood through mostly the cortex or through the medullary region.

true

juxtaglomerular cells make contact with both the afferent arteriole and the base of cells forming the macula dense and produce rennin

false

the descending portion of the loop of hence is impermeable to the passage of water

false

the ureter is distinguished by its large submucose and submucosal glands

fenestrated capillaries

the type of capillaries seen in the glomerulus which are specialized in that they have large pores covered with a thin diaphragm for easier filtration are called

false

when the body undergoes shock, one thing that can happen is for the arcuate artery to constrict causing the glomeruli in the cortex to not function

true

a kidney lobule consists of a nephron which begins in the cortex as a blind tubule surrounding a tuft of capillaries and ends as it runs into the collecting tubule

false

rein acts directly on the smooth muscles of arterioles as a vasoconstrictor to increase blood pressure

false

when antidiuretic hormone is present in the blood it means the body is hydrated and the kidney functions to release water from the blood producing a dilute urine.

tubular pole

the site of origin of the proximal convoluted tubule from the renal corpuscle is termed the

renal pelvis

in the kidney, urine drains toward the hilum and enters a funnel-shaped space called the ___ which is the beginning of the ureter