Practice TestTake a test on your terms and definitions
Spaced RepetitionScientifically backed study method
Matching GameHow quick can you match all your cards?
FlashcardsStudy terms and definitions
1 / 71
There's no tags or description
Looks like no one added any tags here yet for you.
72 Terms
1
Agribusiness
The system of commercial farming that includes all steps in producing food, from development of seeds and fertilizers to processing and marketing of finished products.
New cards
2
Agricultural revolution
Significant changes in agriculture occurring at various points in history.
New cards
3
First Agricultural Revolution
The domestication of plants and animals, also known as the Neolithic Revolution.
New cards
4
Second Agricultural Revolution
Coincided with the Industrial Revolution; increased agricultural productivity through mechanization.
New cards
5
Third Agricultural Revolution
Focused on increased crop yields through scientific advancements, also known as the Green Revolution.
New cards
6
Agriculture
The deliberate effort to modify a portion of Earth's surface for the cultivation of crops and raising of livestock.
New cards
7
Aquaculture
The cultivation of seafood under controlled conditions.
New cards
8
Cereal grain
A grass yielding grain for food.
New cards
9
Commercial agriculture
Agriculture undertaken primarily to generate products for sale off the farm.
New cards
10
Crop
Any plant cultivated by people.
New cards
11
Crop rotation
The practice of rotating use of different fields from crop to crop each year to avoid exhausting the soil.
New cards
12
Dairy Farm
A farm that produces milk or milk products, usually located near urban centers.
New cards
13
Desertification
Degradation of land, primarily due to human actions such as excessive crop planting and animal grazing.
New cards
14
Dietary energy consumption
The amount of food consumed, measured in kilocalories.
New cards
15
Double cropping
Harvesting twice a year from the same field.
New cards
16
Fishing
The activity of catching fish, either for food or for sport.
New cards
17
Food security
Access at all times to safe and nutritious food sufficient to meet dietary needs.
New cards
18
Genetically modified organism (GMO)
A living organism with a novel combination of genetic material obtained through biotechnology.
New cards
19
Grain
Seed of a cereal grass.
New cards
20
Green revolution
Rapid diffusion of new agricultural technology, especially new high-yield seeds and fertilizers.
New cards
21
Horticulture
The growing of fruits, vegetables, and flowers.
New cards
22
Intensive subsistence agriculture
A form of subsistence agriculture where farmers work extensively to maximize yield.
New cards
23
Milkshed
The area surrounding a city from which milk is supplied.
New cards
24
Mixed Crop and Livestock Farming
Commercial farming characterized by the integration of crops and livestock.
New cards
25
No tillage
A farming practice that leaves all soil undisturbed and the residue of the previous year's harvest on the soil surface.
New cards
26
Overfishing
Capturing fish at a faster rate than they can reproduce.
New cards
27
Paddy
A flooded field for growing rice.
New cards
28
Pastoral nomadism
A form of subsistence agriculture based on herding domesticated animals.
New cards
29
Plantation
A large farm in tropical climates specializing in one or two crops for sale.
New cards
30
Prime agricultural land
The most productive farmland.
New cards
31
Ranching
A form of commercial agriculture in which livestock graze over an extensive area.
New cards
32
Ridge tillage
A system of planting crops on ridge tops to reduce production costs and promote soil conservation.
New cards
33
Sawah
A flooded field for growing rice.
New cards
34
Shifting cultivation
A form of subsistence agriculture shifting activity from one field to another.
New cards
35
Slash-and-burn agriculture
A farming technique where trees are cut down and burned to clear and fertilize land.
New cards
36
Subsistence agriculture
Agriculture designed primarily to provide food for direct consumption by the farmer’s family.
New cards
37
Swidden
A patch of land cleared for planting through slashing and burning.
New cards
38
Transhumance
Seasonal migration of livestock between mountains and lowland pastures.
New cards
39
Truck farming
Commercial gardening and fruit farming, named for the tradition of bartering.
New cards
40
Undernourishment
Dietary energy consumption continuously below the minimum requirement.
New cards
41
Wet rice
Rice grown in flooded fields.
New cards
42
Biotechnology
The use of living organisms to produce useful products.
New cards
43
Chaff
Husks of grain separated from the seed by threshing.
New cards
44
Combine
A machine that reaps, threshes, and cleans grain while moving over a field.
New cards
45
Conservation agriculture
A farming system that aims to conserve resources by minimizing soil disturbance.
New cards
46
Enclosure System
Consolidation of small landholdings into larger farms in 18th century England.
New cards
47
Feedlot
An area where livestock are fed and fattened.
New cards
48
Hull
The outer covering of a seed.
New cards
49
Hunting and Gathering
Collecting wild animals and plants for sustenance.
New cards
50
Intertillage
Planting crops between rows of existing crops.
New cards
51
Long Lot Survey System
Land divided into narrow parcels stretching back from rivers or roads.
New cards
52
Metes and Bounds System
Land surveying system relying on natural features for descriptions.
New cards
53
Monoculture
The agricultural practice of growing a single crop or livestock species.
New cards
54
Organic farming
Farming that relies on environmentally friendly agricultural techniques.
New cards
55
Pasture
Grass or plants grown for feeding grazing animals.
New cards
56
Polyculture
Growing several crops on the same field simultaneously.
New cards
57
Primary economic activity
Economic activity concerned with direct extraction of natural resources.
New cards
58
Reaper
A machine that cuts cereal grain standing in a field.
New cards
59
Rectangular Survey System
Divides land into rectangles, used to encourage homesteading.
New cards
60
Sauer, Carl
A geographer who defined cultural landscape, highlighting human impact on the environment.
New cards
61
Second Agricultural Revolution
Benefited from the Industrial Revolution, improving methods of cultivation and storage.
New cards
62
Sedentary
Settled, non-migratory.
New cards
63
Shifting agriculture
A subsistence agriculture model where fields are used for a limited time before being left fallow.
New cards
64
Specialty farming
Farming that grows high-demand crops for cash sales.
New cards
65
Spring Wheat
Wheat planted in the spring and harvested in late summer.
New cards
66
Sustainable Agriculture
Farming methods preserving long-term land productivity and minimizing pollution.
New cards
67
Threshing
Separation of grain from chaff.
New cards
68
Township and Range System
A system dividing land into townships and sections for organization.
New cards
69
Urban subsistence farming
Growing food in cities for personal use to address food insecurity.
New cards
70
Vertical integration
Single-company control over multiple stages in food production.
New cards
71
Winnowed
Separating grain from chaff by blowing air through it.
New cards
72
Winter Wheat
Wheat planted in autumn and harvested in early summer.
Studied by 0 people
