Agriculture Review Flashcards

Flashcards covering key vocabulary and concepts from the provided lecture notes on soil science, natural resources, agricultural tools, weathering, seed germination, and transplanting.

Natural Resources

Useful raw materials that we get from the earth and occur naturally.

Artificial Resources

Materials that humans create and don't occur naturally; man-made resources.

Non-Renewable Resources

Natural resources that cannot be readily replaced by natural means at a quick enough pace to keep up with consumption.

Renewable Resources

Resources that are derived from naturally replenishing sources that are sustainable over time.

Organic Resources Resources

Resources that come from living things or their products.

Inorganic Resources

Resources that come from non-living sources such as water, sun, and wind.

Human Resources

People who contribute their skills, knowledge, labour and expertise to produce goods and services

Reduce

Minimize the amount of resources you use to avoid waste.

Reuse

To use something over and over.

Recycle

To process materials to create new products.

Recover

Extracting energy or useful materials from waste that would not have been.

Refuse

To not buy items that are harmful to the environment.

Weathering

The breakdown of rocks at the Earth's surface by the action of rainwater, extremes of temperature, physical activity, and biological activity.

Physical Weathering

Occurs when physical processes affect the rock, such as changes in temperature or when the rock is exposed to the effects of wind, rain, and waves.

Biological Weathering

Caused by the movements of plants and animals.

Chemical Weathering

Caused by rainwater reacting with the mineral grains in rocks to form new minerals (clays) and soluble salts.

Subsoil

The layer below the topsoil; lighter in color and contains more rocks.

Topsoil

The soil at the surface; varies in depth of 20-30 cm; the most important part of the soil for farmers because it is well aerated and rich in nutrients.

Tillage

Preparing the soil for planting by breaking up and aerating the soil.

Ploughing

Turning over the soil to bury crop residues and prepare a seedbed.

Harrowing

Smoothing and leveling the soil after tillage.

Hypocotyl

The stem segment below the cotyledons.

Epicotyl

The stem segment above the cotyledons.

Radicle

The embryonic root.

Epigeal Germination

In epigeal germination, the hypocotyl elongates significantly and forms a hook, pulling the cotyledons and plumule above the ground.

Hypogeal Germination

In hypogeal germination, the epicotyl elongates significantly, while the hypocotyl remains short; cotyledons remain below ground.

Micropyle

Hole through which water can enter the seed.

Epicotyl

Embryo shoot.

Radicle

Embryo root.

Testa

Seed coat.

Germination

The process in which the embryo inside the seed grows and develops into a seedling, using food stored in the cotyledons or endosperm.

Hardening off

The process whereby seedlings are gradually exposed to sunlight over a period of 7-14 days before transplanting.

Transplanting

The process of removing the seedlings from its original container or seedling trays and planting them in the field or grow boxes.