Honors anatomy test 1 Plasma membrane

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15 Terms

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Plasma membrane

A selectively permeable barrier that surrounds the cell, regulating the passage of substances in and out of the cell. It is composed of a phospholipid bilayer with embedded proteins that facilitate communication and transport.

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Phospholipid

A type of lipid molecule that forms the bilayer of the plasma membrane, consisting of hydrophilic heads and hydrophobic tails.

<p>A type of lipid molecule that forms the bilayer of the plasma membrane, consisting of hydrophilic heads and hydrophobic tails. </p>
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Integral protein

membrane-associated protein that spans the entire width of the lipid bilayer

<p><span style="background-color: transparent;">membrane-associated protein that spans the entire width of the lipid bilayer</span></p>
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Peripheral protein

a protein that is loosely attached to the exterior or interior surfaces of the plasma membrane, playing roles in signaling and maintaining the cell's shape.

<p>a protein that is loosely attached to the exterior or interior surfaces of the plasma membrane, playing roles in signaling and maintaining the cell's shape. </p>
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Protein channel

A type of integral protein that forms a pore in the plasma membrane, allowing specific molecules to pass through the membrane.

<p>A type of integral protein that forms a pore in the plasma membrane, allowing specific molecules to pass through the membrane. </p>
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Transporter protein

is a specialized protein that moves substances like ions, molecules, and other macromolecules across cell membranes

<p><span style="background-color: transparent;">is a specialized protein that moves substances like ions, molecules, and other macromolecules across cell membranes</span></p>
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Cholesterol

 sterol molecule with a rigid ring structure and a hydrocarbon tail. It inserts itself between the phospholipids in the cell membrane, forming a fluid mosaic pattern.

<p><span style="background-color: transparent;">&nbsp;sterol molecule with a rigid ring structure and a hydrocarbon tail. It inserts itself between the phospholipids in the cell membrane, forming a fluid mosaic pattern.</span></p>
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Receptor protein

 allows for attachment of substances, such as hormones, to the membrane. is an integral protein embedded in the cell membrane that receives signals from the external environment by binding to specific molecules called ligands.

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Linker protein

helps stabilize the plasma membrane and attach cells together. connects the cell's internal cytoskeleton to the external environment or other parts of the cell.

<p><span style="background-color: transparent;">helps stabilize the plasma membrane and attach cells together. connects the cell's internal cytoskeleton to the external environment or other parts of the cell.</span></p>
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Glycolipid

are lipids with attached carbohydrate chains found exclusively on the outer leaflet of the cell membrane. They are crucial for cell recognition, acting as markers for immune responses and cell adhesion

<p><span style="background-color: transparent;">are lipids with attached carbohydrate chains found exclusively on the outer leaflet of the cell membrane. They are crucial for cell recognition, acting as markers for immune responses and cell adhesion</span></p>
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Glycoprotein

is a protein that has carbohydrate molecules attached, which extend into the extracellular matrix.

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G-protein coupled receptor

 large family of proteins on the cell surface that act as sensors for external signals, such as hormones, light, and odorants

<p><span style="background-color: transparent;">&nbsp;large family of proteins on the cell surface that act as sensors for external signals, such as hormones, light, and odorants</span></p>
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Cell signaling

the process by which cells communicate with each other and respond to external cues. It involves the transmission of signals between cells, which can trigger specific cellular responses.

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Ligand

is the specific molecule that binds to and activates a receptor.

<p><span style="background-color: transparent;">is the specific molecule that binds to and activates a receptor.</span></p>
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Signal transduction

he process by which a cell converts an external signal into a specific internal response. 

<p><span style="background-color: transparent;">he process by which a cell converts an external signal into a specific internal response.&nbsp;</span></p>