Microbiology Final Exam - EMCC (Crider)

Weak bonds are important for the_________structure of proteins.

Secondary, tertiary AND quartermary

The components of fats are fatty acids and

glycerol

The system by which organisms are named is referred to as

nomenclature.

A new organism was found that was unicellular and 1cm long. The "large" size of this organism alone would

mean little

An illness outbreak occurs in New York City birds in the late 1990s. After a lengthy scientific investigation, the centers for disease control (CDC) Determine that the agent causing the birds to die is the West Nile virus. outbreaks of the illness has been observed in several other countries in Asia and the Middle East across the last 50 years, but not in the United States. with this information, what would be the best categorization of this infectious agent/disease?

this is clearly an emerging infection. It hasn't been around that long, and it has made a jump across continents into a new susceptible population.

The prokaryotic cell scheme is found in

Bacteria AND Archaea.

cellulose is a major component of plants and it's only directly digested by

Microorganisms

Within a lab a scientist has two samples-The first is a prion sample, while the second is a viroid sample. But those pesky labels have come off the flasks! She wants to run a simple analysis to determine which one is which. What type of molecule would she look for to determine which one is which?

protein

Viruses are often referred to as

infectious agents

Microorganisms are involved in

All of the choices are correct.

Which of the scientist(s) was/were involved in, among other things, investigating the idea of spontaneous generation?

Redi AND Pasteur

Scientists recently cloned Louis Pasteur and put him back to work in a modern lab. He promptly developed a gel that breaks down proteins. Since he hasn't been around for sometime, he's unsure what the best application for his invention might be. Help him out-what pathogenic item would this gel be most effective and safe at eliminating?

viruses on the surface of the skin.

Diseases such as ulcers and cardiovascular disease

have been shown to be, or may be due to, a bacterial infection

A microbiologist obtained two pure isolated biological samples: One of a virus, and one of a viroid. The labels came off during a move from one lab to the next, however the scientist felt she could distinguish between the two samples by analyzing for the presence of a single type of molecule. What type of molecule would she be looking for to differentiate between the two?

protein

Bacteria

provide protection to us from disease by covering our bodies, crowding out 'bad' Invading bacteria.

Which is/are the correct forms?

Staphylococcus aureus AND S. aureus

Lyme disease is an example of a disease

that is due to a greater degree of interaction between humans and tick-carrying animals.

Plants are dependent on microorganisms for

changing atmospheric nitrogen to a usable form.

The idea of spontaneous generation postulated that

living organisms could spontaneously arise from non-living material.

If while investigating Spontaneous Generation, Pasteur had his laboratory located in a stable

The results would, most likely, have supported The idea of spontaneous generation.

A scientist discovers a new species near Coral reef in Australia. On a basic Microscopic examination and after conducting a few simple experiments, he finds this single celled species is photosynthetic (using sunlight for energy), has a rigid cell wall structure with no peptidoglycan, uses a flagellum for motion, and contains a variety of internal structures that are bound by plasma membranes. Given this information, this new species is most likely a________cell in the_____subcategory.

eukaryotic; algae

Bioremediation refers to

using bacteria to clean up pollutants.

Smallpox

has been eliminated as a naturally occurring infection in human beings, AND was dealt with by vaccination.

HIV/AIDS can be categorized as a new or emerging infectious disease. By putting it into this category, we are effectively saying that

this infection hasn't been observed in the human population prior to recent (approximately 50 years or sooner) outbreaks.

Organisms

may be classified in three domains.

The Golden Age of Medical Microbiology

occurred during the late 1800s to early 1900s, is a time when the knowledge of and techniques to work with bacteria blossomed AND was when people realized that diseases could be caused by invisible agents.

Micro organisms are involved in

All of the choices are correct.

If electrons are shared unequally, this forms a(n)

polar bond.

Sharing of electrons between two Adams forms a(n)

covalent bond AND strong bond

The most important feature of a protein is it's

shape.

In addition to investigations with bacteria that led to him being considered the Father of Microbiology, Pasteur also

found that some molecules can exist as stereoisomers AND separated organic acids using a microscope.

Which is true of carbohydrates?

All of the choices are correct.

The energy storage form of ATP

contains ribose

Electrons

are found in areas outside the nucleus known as orbitals, may gain or lose energy, and may move from one orbital to another.

Charged atoms are termed

ions

which of the following is found in RNA but not in DNA?

ribose AND uracil

Protein denaturation can

All of the choices are correct.

pH

is a measurement of hydrogen ion concentration.

Adams that gain electrons are now

Negatively charged.

The subunits (building blocks) of proteins are

amino acids

structural isomers

contain the same number of atoms/elements, but in different arrangements AND are exemplified by glucose and galactose.

Side chains are important to proteins because they

help determine protein shape AND help determine the degree of solubility of the protein in water.

The purines of DNA are

thymine and adenine AND thymine and uracil.

how many different amino acids are there to choose from when assembling a protein?

20

A biologist determined the amounts of several amino acids in two separate samples of pure protein. His data stated that Protein A possessed: 7% leucine, 12% alanine, 4% histidine, 2% cysteine, and 5% glycine. Interestingly, Protein B had the same percentages of each of the same amino acids. He concluded, from this data, that Proteins A and B are the same protein. Based on this information and his conclusion, determine which of the following is the correct statement regarding his findings:

He is correct-they have the same percentages of each amino acid, so they are identical protein molecules.

The -OH group In a carbohydrate

All of the choices are true.

if the side chains of amino acids contain the ammonium ion, they readily form ions that

give positive electric charges to the amino acid AND are described as basic amino acids.

Carbohydrates

May interconvert between ring and linear structures.

Which is true of nucleotides?

All of the choices are true.

The sugars found in nuclear acids consist of

5 carbon atoms

Which is(are) true concerning the cell wall of prokaryotes?

All of the choices are true.

The macromolecules found in the cell walls of all bacteria is

peptidoglycan

Electron microscopes differ from light microscopes in that

All of the choices are correct.

Extrachromosomal DNA is found in________________.

mitochondria AND plasmids

Which terms refer to bacterial morphology?

coccus AND bacillus

Facilitated diffusion and active transport

both transport molecules into or out of a cell.

Your instructor wants you to bring in an example of a biofilm to your lab. Which choice is the best selection for bringing in an intact biofilm for further study?

Disconnecting and bringing in the old, mildewed showerhead from the showers in your dorm.

Which is not true of mitochondria and chloroplasts?

They are found in all organisms.

The microscope which allows the specimen to appear 3-dimensional is the

interference microscope.

The use of oil with certain high power objective lenses increases

All choices are correct.

Endotoxin

consists of LPS.

Which of the following bacteria lack a cell wall?

Mycoplasma pneumoniae

Most solutes pass through the cytoplasmic membrane via

transport proteins.

The two magnifying lenses found in a light microscope are the

ocular and objective.

The major criteria used in placing bacteria into different groups is based on differences in

cell wall structure.

Endospores are

a dormant cell type

The structures used for motility in both eukaryotes and prokaryotes are

flagella.

Which of the following microscope types would be least useful in viewing unstained living cells?

bright-field

Which of the following stains is/are considered differential?

acid-fast stain AND Gram stain.

The nucleus

is a double membrane sac containing DNA and is found in eukaryotes.

A research lab is trying to produce new antibiotics. They come up with drugs that detach the hydrophilic heads from the phospholipids in plasma membranes. This drug

would be highly toxic for human beings, but might be useful as a topical antibiotic skin cream. The top layer of skin cells is dead anyway, so it wouldn't matter if this damaged those cells. It could NOT be taken internally, though, by human beings.

Phagocytosis

is the ingestion of particles and may be performed by animal cells.

In viewing a microscopic specimen, oil is used to

decrease the refraction AND increase the resolution.

Which amino acid(s) is/are found only in the cell walls of bacteria?

diaminopimelic acid

The cytoskeleton

is a dynamic structure composed of microtubules, microfilaments and intermediate filaments.

A hot tub (approx. 104 deg. F or 40 deg. C) would most likely contain

mesophiles.

An organism called Bacillus fastidiosus

might be expected to be very strict as to its growth requirements, would probably be grown on a chemically defined media AND might be expected to have a rod shape.

Which of the following is/are obligate aerobes?

Micrococcus luteus

Late log phase of the bacterial growth curve

is marked by the production of secondary metabolites.

Small organic molecules that must be provided to bacteria in order for them to grow are called

growth factors.

The optimum pH for growth of most species of bacteria is

pH 7.

Medically important bacteria are often

grown on agar containing blood AND grown at 37°C.

Candle jars are usually used to

provide an atmosphere with CO2.

Mycobacterium leprae is typically found infecting the ears, toes and fingers of its host due to its

need for cooler temperatures.

Organisms may derive energy from

sunlight AND metabolizing chemical compounds

During which phase of the bacterial growth curve does a bacterial population become much more resistant to harmful conditions?

late log phase

The prefix photo- indicates that an organism will make use of _______ for energy purposes.

light

You are in charge of water quality for your city's water treatment plant. Of the methods at your disposal, which will be the most efficient and cheapest method of determining the number of viable bacteria in the water coming out of your plant?

Using membrane filtration followed by placing the membrane in a growth medium for colony counts after incubation.

The optimal temperature for most human pathogens might be expected to range from

35-40°C.

Prokaryotic cells divide by a process known as

binary fission

The simplest technique for isolating bacteria in growth media is referred to as the

streak plate method.

Bacteria may be stored

on a slant in the refrigerator, frozen in glycerol solution AND lyophilized.

Trace elements

include zinc, copper and manganese AND may be needed for enzyme function.

The scientist that contributed most to the development of pure culture techniques was

Robert Koch.

During which phase of the bacterial growth curve does the total number of viable cells decline?

death

When doing experiments with bacteria

it is best to use bacteria from the same stage of growth.

Biofilms

are a polysaccharide-encased community of microorganisms, may enhance bioremediation efforts AND may protect organisms against harmful chemicals.

The speed of enzymatic reactions approximately doubles for each

10° C rise in temperature.

In nature, bacteria

All of the choices are correct.

Agar replaced gelatin as the gelling (solidifying) agent for media because

much fewer bacteria can break down agar than gelatin AND agar is solid at body temperature.