last one best one bruh

best way to study: "learn" mode + type out every answer (if you were close enough to the correct answer you can override and mark it as correct)

carl linneaus

• “father of taxonomy”

• systema naturae - 1735

peter duesberg

hiv denier

charles darwin

origin of species - 1859

carl woese

3 domain system - 1970s

what group of bacteria is salmonella in

proteobacteria

symptoms/diseases of salmonella

• diarrhea

• nausea

4 characteristics of salmonella

• bacillus

• gram negative

• facultative anaerobe

• endotoxin

what group of bacteria is e. coli in

proteobacteria

symptoms/diseases of e. coli

diarrhea

4 characteristics of e. coli

• bacillus

• gram negative

• facultative anaerobe

• exotoxin

what group is clostridium in

gram positive

diseases from clostridium

• gangrene

• botulism

4 characteristics of clostridium

• bacillus

• gram positive

• obligate anaerobe

• exotoxin

what group is bacillus anthracis in?

gram positive

diseases/symptoms from bacillus anthracis

• skin pustules

• pnemonia

4 characteristics of bacillus anthracis

• bacillus

• gram positive

• obligate aerobe

• endospores

what group is streptococcus in?

gram positive

diseases/symptoms from streptococcus

• necrotizing faciitis

• strep throat

• scarlet fever

3 characteristics of streptococcus

• coccus shape

• gram positive

• aerotolerant anaerobe

what group is treponema pallidum in

spirochetes

symptoms/diseases of treponema pallidum

syphilis

2 characteristics of treponema pallidum

• obligate anaerobe

• painless chancre sore

what group is borrelia burgdoferi in

spirochetes

symptoms/diseases of borrelia burgdoferi

lyme disease

3 characteristics of borrelia burgdoferi

• microaerophile

• transmitted by tick

• bullseye rash

what is rabies classified as

virus

3 characteristics of rabies

• long incubation period

• ssrna with bullet shaped envelope

• 100% fatality rate with no vaccine

what is the flu classified as

virus

3 characteristics of flu

• ssrna with envelope

• spanish flu - 1918-1919

• 20-100 million deaths

what is mad cow disease classified as

prion

prion

infectious protein particle

what supergroup and clade is giardia under

• supergroup: excavata

• clade: diplomonad

disease from giardia

giardiasis

2 characteristics of giardia

• transmitted by drinking contaminated water

• 2 haploid nuclei

what supergroup and clade is trypanosoma brucei in

• supergroup: excavata

• clade: kinetoplastid

disease from trypanosoma brucei

african sleeping sickness

1 characteristic of trypanosoma brucei

transmitted by bite of tsetse fly

what supergroup and clade is trypanosoma cruzi in

• supergroup: excavata

• clade: kinetoplastid

disease from trypanosoma cruzi

chagas disease

1 characteristic of trypanosoma cruzi

transmitted by bite of kissing bug (feeds on eyelids/lips when asleep)

what supergroup and clade is plasmodium in?

supergroup: sar

clade: apicomplexa

disease from plasmodium

malaria

what is the supergroup and clade of diatoms?

• supergroup: sar

• clade: diatoms

3 characteristics of diatoms

• form diatomaceous earth

• used in filters

• silica test

what is the supergroup and clade of water molds?

• supergroup: sar

• clade: oomycetes

diseases from water molds

• irish potato famine

• french wine crisis

what is the supergroup and clade of red algae?

• supergroup: archeaplastida

• clade: rhodophyta

1 characteristic of red algae

nori (sushi)

dicot root

monocot root

dicot stem

monocot stem

1. cortex

2. cork cambium

3. phelloderm

4. cortex

5. primary phloem

6. vascular cambium

7. primary xylem

8. pith

9. primary phloem

10. secondary phloem

11. secondary xylem

9 macronutrients in a plant

1. carbon

2. oxygen

3. hydrogen

4. nitrogen

5. phosphorus

6. calcium

7. magnesium

8. phosphorus

9. sulfur

8 micronutrients

1. chlorine

2. iron

3. manganese

4. boron

5. zinc

6. copper

7. nickel

8. molybdenum

1. stamen

2. anther

3. filament

4. petal

5. stigma

6. style

7. ovary

8. carpel

9. sepal

10. ovule

characteristic of monocot embryo

one cotyledon

characteristic of dicot embryo

two cotyledons

characteristic of monocot leaf venation

parallel veins

characteristic of dicot leaf venation

netlike veins

characteristic of monocot stem

vascular bundles arranged complexly

characteristic of dicot stem

vascular bundles arranged in a ring

characteristic of monocot roots

fibrous roots

characteristic of dicot roots

taproot present

characteristic of monocot flowers

petals in multiples of 3

characteristic of dicot flowers

petals in multiples of 4-5

stolon

• strawberry

• modified stem

rhizome

• iris

• modified stem

tuber

• potato

• modified stem

bulbs & corms

• onion

• modified stem

cladophyll

• cactus

• modified stem

tendrils

• climbing vines

• modified leaf

bracts

• poinsettia

• modified leaf

spines

• cactus

• modified leaf

storage leaves

• succulents

• modified leaves

food storage

• carrot

• sweet potato

• modified root

water storage

• pumpkin

• modified root

propagative roots

• cherries

• pears

• modified root

pnematophores

• mangrove trees

• modified roots

aerial roots

• orchids

• modified roots

western sycamore

freemont cottonwood

coast live oak

catalina ironwood

wild fig

bulrush

cattail

toyon

mulefat

southern magnolia

what is porifera

sponges

cnidaria

• hydras

• jellies

• sea anemones

• coral

• polyp + medusa

polyp

medusa

nematocyst

stinging capsules with barbs on cnidarians

ctenophora

comb jellies

colloblasts

adhesive cells on tentacles of ctenophora

mode of infection: schistosoma

• enters through skin + moves to intestines

• host: snail

mode of infection: clonorchis

• enters by eating raw fish + moves to bile ducts

• host: snail

mode of infection: taenia

• tapeworm

• eating undercooked beef/pork