Module 3: Cultural Environment of Modern Business

What is culture in general?

Culture is the shared values, understandings, assumptions, and goals learned from earlier generations, imposed by current members of society, and passed on to succeeding generations.

Define national culture according to Hofstede.

National Culture is the collective programming of the mind distinguishing the members of one group or category of people from others.

What is the definition of communication?

Communication is the act of sharing, imparting, or exchanging information.

What are the elements in the social contract?

Business Society or Societal Stakeholder Groups, Laws or Regulations, Two-Way Shared Understandings, and Communication.

What are the two types of cultural relativism?

Normative Cultural Relativism and Descriptive Cultural Relativism.

What are some factors influencing cultural norms and values?

Language, religion, social structure, education, political system, and economic philosophy.

What does enculturation mean?

Enculturation is the process of socializing into a culture over time, influenced by personal experiences and societal beliefs.

How do cultures differ in body language?

Differences in body language across cultures can include gestures, eye contact, and tone of voice, which may be interpreted very differently in various cultural contexts.

List the four factors that contribute to the creation of organisational culture.

Ceremonies and rites, values of the founder(s), socialisation, and stories and languages.

Describe the constructivist view of conflict in cultural contexts.

The constructive view of conflict sees it as normal and useful, requiring negotiation and direct confrontation, while the destructive view sees it as a disturbance to peace needing minimization.