Human bacterial diseases Exam 4

Corynebacterium diphtheriae

Diphtheria

• Droplet transmission- airborne

• DTaP vaccine

• Pseudomembrane formation “strangling angel”

• Cutaneous rare, ulcer

Bordetella pertussis

Whooping cough

• Affects children and produces toxins

Bacterial Meningitis

Inflamed meninges due to bacteria

• Haemophilus influenzae, S. penumoniae, Nessisseria meningitidis

• Fever, neck stiffness, vomit, rash, glass test (if it doesn’t fade, sign of bleeding under the skin caused by meningitis or sepsis)

• H. influenzae type b Hib vaccine

• N. meningitidis- college student vaccine

Streptococcus pyogenes

Group a and B hemolytic

• Respiratory droplets, contaminated objects, saliva

• Sore throat, enlarged tonsils

• Scarlet fever (toxins from phage) strawberry tongue, rash, skin peels off hands and feet

Erysipelas

Not communicable -Strep pyogenes group A

• infection of dermal layer skin

Impetigo

Caused by strep pyogenes and staph. aureus

• wrestling

Streptococcal pneumonia

Streptococcus pneumoniae

• Vaccine prevents pneumonia and meningitis

What is the #1 nosocomial infection?

Staph aureus

• Colonizes skin and nose

• Toxic shock syndrome

• releases toxins into the bloodstream

Mycobacterium tuberculosis

Tuberculosis

• MDR/XDR-serious health concern

• Airborne transmission

Mycobacterium leprae

Leprosy (Hansens disease)

• Droplet transmission, carried by armadillos

Helicobacter pylori

Stomach ulcers

• Secretes urease that leads to a raise in pH in the stomach

• breathe test detection

E. coli

Diarrhea disease

• Fecal/oral route

• Enterohemorrhagic (O157:H7) SHIGA TOXIN

• O = antigen LPS

• H = antigen flagella

Clostridia tetani

Tetanus

• puncture wound

• tetanospasmin toxin

• causes lockjaw and spastic paralysis

• DTaP vaccine

Clostridia botulism

Botulism

• No honey for babies up to 1 year old—> causes floppy baby syndrome

Clostridium perfingens

Gas gangrene (a-toxin strain) and food poisoning (enterotoxin strain)

Borrelia burgdorferi

Lyme disease

• primary vector- ticks

• bullseye rash

Treponema pallidum

Syphilis

Legionella pneumophila

Legionaires disease

• airborne transmission

• Reservoirs- protozoa, A/C units, water heaters

• Flu-like symptoms