CHAPTER 24 MICRO EXAM 4

Acute

An infection that has a rapid course.

Chronic

Virus remains in tissue, replicating slowly, with mild or no symptoms.

Self-limiting

Infection resolves without specific treatment.

Latent

Virus enters a dormant phase and cannot be detected.

Oncogenic

Virus causes cells to divide uncontrollably, leading to cancer.

Teratogenic

Virus crosses the placenta, disrupting fetal development and causing defects.

Poxviruses

Includes molluscipox virus, variola, monkeypox, and cowpox.

Herpesviruses

Includes HSV-1, HSV-2, EBV, CMV, HHV-6, and VZV.

Hepadnaviruses

Includes Hepatitis B virus.

Variola

Causes smallpox with eruptive pustules.

Molluscipox virus

Causes molluscum contagiosum; waxy nodules on skin/genitals.

Cowpox/Monkeypox viruses

Transmitted from animals; cause skin pustules.

Smallpox

First disease eliminated by global vaccination.

HSV-1

Causes cold sores and fever blisters.

HSV-2

Causes genital herpes with painful vesicles and urination.

HHV-6

Causes roseola in infants.

Epstein-Barr Virus (EBV)

Causes mononucleosis and Burkitt lymphoma.

Cytomegalovirus (CMV)

Crosses placenta; causes neurological damage or death in fetus.

Neonatal herpes

Caused by HSV-2; can lead to CNS damage and death; prevented by Cesarean section.

VZV progression

Chickenpox in childhood → dormancy in sensory ganglia → reactivation as shingles.

Burkitt lymphoma

Cancer of the jaw caused by Epstein-Barr Virus.

Immunocompromised

Group most affected by complications from Epstein-Barr Virus.

symptoms of hepatitis B

Jaundice, hepatitis, liver infection, liver cancer; preventable by vaccine.

Hepatitis B screening

Done in pregnant women to prevent chronic liver disease in newborns.

Adenoviruses

dsDNA nonenveloped viruses that cause cold and conjunctivitis.

Human Papilloma Virus (HPV)

dsDNA nonenveloped virus that causes warts.

HPV 6 and 11

Cause genital warts and can lead to cervical cancer.

Pap smear

Procedure to detect cervical cancer from HPV.

Varivax

Vaccine that protects against chickenpox.

Shingrix

Vaccine that protects against shingles.

Gardasil

Vaccine that protects against genital warts and HPV-related cancers.

Adenovirus transmission

Contact with respiratory or eye secretions.

HSV-1 transmission

Direct exposure to mucosal secretions.

HSV-2 transmission

Direct exposure to mucosal secretions. 2

HPV transmission

Direct contact with warts, including sexual contact.

VZV transmission

Respiratory droplets or contact with vesicles.

Hepatitis B transmission

Blood, placenta, and sexual contact.

EBV transmission

Oral contact or saliva.

Parvovirus

Only ssDNA virus with no envelope.

Parvovirus symptoms

Childhood disease, fever, rash on cheeks, causes erythema infectiosum.

Erythema infectiosum

Rash illness caused by parvovirus, also called fifth disease.