Hist 50 exam 1

all the crops that the Mesoamericans cultivated before they found corn

squashes
cassava
beans
gourds

bipedalism is an

adaptation to a mixed landscape of riparian forests and savannah grasslands

Cyrus

He laid the foundation for the first Persian Empire.
He was a strong leader.
He was a clever military strategist.

it is impossible to detail the Indus civilization for two reasons

one is that many Indus physical remains are inaccessible. Silt deposits have raised the level of the land in the Indus Valley and the water table has risen correspondingly

A second problem is the lack of deciphered written records from the Indus Society

4 million years ago in East Africa human ancestors began to

walk up right (bipedalism)

A number of human fossil remains demonstrate

evidence of cannablism

According to Indian mythology, Manu was

the founder of the human race

After taking a distinct society, Egypt had regular encounters with

both the Eastern Mediterranean and Southwest Asian peoples

Alexander's victory: Which battle marked the end of the Achaemenid Empire?

Gaugamela

Amon was a deity associated with

air, fertility, and creation

An attribute of Teotihuacan is that the city was planned and developed along

rectilinear network of roads and paths

Ancient Chinese people worshiped their ancestors primarily because they believed the dead could _____.

Protect and support living relatives

Assur and Nineveh were

important Assyrian cities.

At what time did agriculture begin in Mesoamerica?

8000 to 7000 BCE

Book of Changes is a piece of Zhou literature that

is a manual to tell the future

Bureaucracies emerged with

the development of imperial rule in Persia

By approximately 5000 BC, the human population of Earth reached what total?

5 million

By approximately what year had Homo sapiens settled in nearly every habitable region of the world?

15,000 years ago

By the middle of the 3rd millennium BC, the Sumerians used

wheeled carts as a means of transport

cotton was introduced into Iran by

The Sasanians

Cyrus' successors tried to expand the territory of the Persian Empire, and his son Cambyses

successfully invaded Egypt

During the Tang Dynasty, which religion became nearly the national religion of China?

Buddhism

e Zhou struggled to govern because

of the size of its/their empire

Geography has allowed communication between the Andean region and Mesoamerica to

be slow and difficult

Greece was the greatest

military threat to the Achaemenid Empire

Hammurabi created an

efficient taxation system

Homo sapiens evolved unique physiological traits for speech, including a vocal-cord-equipped throat and a _____.

Separate mouth cavity with a tongue

How did Sargon found the Akkadian Empire?

He deployed well-trained armies to conquer land and people. He was an ambitious leader who wanted more territory.

How did Sargon of Akkad come to power?

After staging a coup, he undertook conquest campaigns as the head of an army.

How did the Indo-Aryans portray Indra?

Weilding a thunderbolt

How did the Maya utilize cacao beans in their society?

Drink, money, and a snack

How did the slash-and-burn technique favored by early farmers contribute to the spread of agriculture?

It forced farmers to move frequently.

Humans migrated to North America about ____ across the Bering land bridge that connected Siberia with Alaska and gradually moved south and east.

15,000 years ago

important finds of australopithecus remains have been found in all but

Northern India

In ancient China, most enslaved people were originally _____.

Enemy soldiers captured in battle

In exchange with other peoples, the Harappan people offered

wool, leather, and olive oil

In Palestine, the kingdom of the Phoenicians was

north of the kingdom of the Israelites

In Southwest Asia, which two grains were among the first to be cultivated after 9000 BC?

wheat and barley

In the caste system, the sub-castes based on occupation are called _____.

Jati

In the early days of its settlement, the Neolithic village of Jericho had a population of approximately

2000

In the Epic of Gilgamesh, who was the "wild man" created by the gods to challenge the king?

Enkidu

In the Hindu caste system, the priests are known as _____.

Brahmins

In what important area was Homo sapiens disadvantaged compared to other animals?

physical strength

In which of the following areas was Çatalhöyük a production and trade center

Obsidian tools

Indo-Aryans were

nomadic and pastoral

Items Indus peoples traded with Mesopotamians

Beads

copper

ivory

Many Jewish communities were founded in parts of

the Persian realm after the fall of the Hebrew kingdom fell in 930 B.C.E.

Mesoamerican ceremonial centers included

Temples
Palaces
pyramids

Mesoamerican highlands had multiple

large lakes fed by water from the surrounding mountains.

Neanderthals inhabited some of the same regions as Homo sapiens for

at least 15,000 years.

Neolithic peoples accumulated wealth which, when passed down through generations, contributed to the emergence of social classes

TRUE

Nubia is located

in Northeastern Africa

Nubia linked Egypt and the Eastern Mediterranean basin with

peoples and societies of sub-Saharan Africa

Olmec workers constructed

pyramids
ceremonial centers
human-headed sculptures

Seleucus

the founder of the Seleucid Empire
a founder of new cities in the Seleucid Empire
a commander of an elite guard corps in Alexander’s army

Osiris was the Egyptian god of

the Underworld

Persians drew from _____of the ancient Aryans.

The gods, sacrifices, and martial virtues

Physical strength was a disadvantage for

Homo Sapiens

population pressures was the most likely reason

for Bantu expansion

Some works from the Zhou literature exerted deep influence because

they were used as textbooks for schools

Temples didn’t provide

training soldiers

Teotihuacan can at best be described as a

theocracy

Teotihuacan was established as a city and led to the establishment of a complex society due to

expanding human populations

Term: Australopithecus

A genus of hominids meaning "the Southern ape" that flourished in East Africa between 4 million and 1 million years ago.

The "Great Rift Valley," home to many early human fossils, was formed by the action of _____.

plate techonics

The "Land Within the Passes" (Guanzhong) is located in which Chinese river valley?

The Wei River Valley

The "loam" or extremely fertile yellow soil deposited by the Yellow River is called _____.

Loess

The "Orientalizing Revolution" refers to the interaction between Greeks and which other cultures?

Levant, Egypt, and Mesopotamia

The 3.3-million-year-old Australopithecus afarensis fossil known as the "first child" is named _____.

The Dikika child

The ancient Persian economy was based on

agriculture

The annual flooding of the Indus River was important because

it provided rich soil for growing crops.

The area now occupied by the Sahara Desert was once a grassy steppe with lakes and rivers around what year?

10,000 BCE

The area of Hadar first made headlines in

the 1970s

The Assyrian Empire is known for its military use of cavalry and _____.

Iron Techology

The Austronesian settlers of the Pacific islands are identified by archaeologists as the _____ culture.

Lapita

The authors of the Upanishads portrayed the material world as extreme

superficial

The Babylonian "Talon Law" is best known by which specific phrase?

An eye for an eye, a tooth for a tooth

The Babylonian god Marduk was believed to have vanquished the forces of _____.

Chaos

The Bantu people are grouped by

language

The Bismarck and Solomon Islands were colonized by hunter-gatherers from Australia and New Guinea before

the arrival of the Austronesian peoples.

The busy port city of Alexandria (was founded by Alexander the Great) was

considered Egypt's early gateway to the Mediterranean.

The Chaldean king who built the Hanging Gardens of Babylon was _____.

Nebuchadnezzar II

The earliest Bantu-speaking people settle in

near present-day Nigeria and Cameroon

The earliest evidence of agricultural activity dates back to approximately what year?

9000 BCE

The earliest evidence of agricultural activity discovered so far dates back to after 9000 BC, when the peoples of ____ cultivated wheat and barley while also domesticating sheep, goats, pigs and cattle.

Southwest Asia

The Egyptian deity Amon was associated with creation, fertility, and _____.

air

The first Emperor of the Qin unified China and standardized weights, measures, and _____.

written characters

The first heirs of the Olmecs were the Maya in

southern Mexico, Guatemala, Belize, Honduras and El Salvador.

The first historically verified dynasty in China was the _____.

Shang Dynasty

The first large wave of human migration from Siberia to Alaska occurred around what year?

20,000 BCE

The first stone tool industry in the world is called _____.

Oldowan

The greatest military leader of the Parthians was appointed

Mithridates I who ascended the throne in 171 BCE.

The Greek word "Mesopotamia" translates to _____.

The Land Between the Rivers

the New Kingdom bureaucracy manage

military forces
state-recognized religious cults
court and royal estates
the treasury
agricultural affairs

Using their knowledge of astronomy and mathematics, the Maya were able to do ____ that except predict earthquakes

to invent the concept of zero.
to predict eclipses.
to trace the planetary cycles

What advances allowed for social distinction in the Neolithic period?

permanent settlement
owning property
specialization of labor

What are the events that happened after the Olmec disappeared?

ceremonial centers cropped up at sites far removed from the Olmec heartland
long distant trade developed
ceremonial sites have turned into cities
human population has increased dramatically

What aspects of Olmec culture have been adopted by other Mesoamerican societies

construction of ceremonial centers
the use of a calendar
cultivation of corn

What is on each main Olmec site?

pyramids
altars
temples
stone sculptures
tombs

What is true about the Maya calculation of the solar year?

It was a very precise calculation.
It was based on astronomical observations.
It was seventeen seconds shorter than the number imagined by modern astronomers.