Generalized Anxiety Disorder

Flashcards on Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD)

Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD)

Characterized by persistent, excessive worry and anxiety occurring more days than not for at least six months. The worry is difficult to control and is about various aspects of life and is not limited to a specific trigger. It leads to significant distress or impairment in functioning.

Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD)

Persistent and excessive worry about various aspects of life, such as health, finances, work, or family, that is difficult to control and impacts daily functioning.

Panic Disorder

Recurrent, unexpected panic attacks, which are sudden episodes of intense fear or discomfort accompanied by physical symptoms like a racing heart, shortness of breath, or sweating.

Specific Phobias

Intense, irrational fears of specific objects or situations, such as heights, animals, or public places, leading to significant avoidance.

Social Anxiety Disorder (SAD)

Anxiety and fear in social situations due to concerns about being judged, embarrassed, or humiliated by others.

Separation Anxiety Disorder

Excessive worry and distress when separated from loved ones, often seen in children but can occur in adults as well.

Agoraphobia

Fear and avoidance of situations where escape might be difficult or help might not be available in the event of a panic attack or other anxiety symptoms.

Selective Mutism

A consistent failure to speak in specific social situations, even though the person is able to speak in other settings.

Etiology of GAD

The causes of GAD are multifactorial and may include genetic predisposition, neurobiological factors, psychosocial stressors and personality traits.

Pathophysiology of GAD

Dysfunction in the amygdala and prefrontal cortex, affecting emotional regulation and threat processing.

Signs and Symptoms of GAD

According to the DSM-5, diagnosis requires excessive anxiety and worry for at least 6 months and specific symptoms. Functionally, individuals may exhibit Occupational decline Social withdrawal Poor self-care Pacing fidgeting

Diagnosis of GAD

Clinical interview based on DSM-5 criteria. Rule out other causes (e.g., substance use, medical conditions). Often involves standardized anxiety scales (e.g., GAD-7, HAM-A)

Medical Intervention for GAD

SSRIs , SNRIs , Benzodiazepines , Buspirone , Beta-blockers

Prognosis of GAD

Chronic but manageable with treatment Symptoms may wax and wane over time. Best outcomes seen with a combination of therapy and medication. Without treatment, GAD can impair functioning and increase risk of depression, substance use, and physical health issues