Health Science Functions of a Cell

protoplasm

basic substance of all life

what is protoplasm made up of

carbon, sulfer, hydrogen, oxygen, phosphorus, nitrogen

how many cells is there

trillions

what are the functions of a cell

take in food & oxygen, eliminates waste, produce heat & energy, move & adapt to environment, perform special functions, reproduce to create new cells

cell membrane

the outer covering of the cell

cytoplasm

fluid in the cell

what does cytoplasm contain

water, proteins, lipids, carbs, minerals, salts

nucleus

the brain of the cell (sits in the middle)

nucleolus

inside the nucleus, important in cell reproduction

chromatin

in the nucleus, made of DNA & proteins, each chromosome contains between 30,000 and 45,000 genes, during cell reproduction condenses to form rod-like structures called chromosomes

how many chomosomes is there

46 chromosomes

how many pairs of chromosomes is there, and where do they come from

23 pairs, 23 from mom, 23 from dad

centrosome

located in the cytoplasm & near the nucleus, contains 2 centrioles, during mitosis or cell division, the centrioles seperate

mitochondria

the powerhouse of the cell

golgi apparatus

produces, stores, & packages secretions for discharge from the cell

endoplasmic reticulum

allows for the transport of materials into & out the nucleus

vacuoles

pouch like structures, filled w/ watery substance, stored food, waste products

lysosome

destroy old cells, bacteria & foreign materials , oval or round bodies, found throughout cytoplasm

pinocytic vesicles

pocket like folds in cell membrane, allows fats to enter the cell

ribosomes

proteins, as many as 10 million

mitosis

asexual reproduction

meiosis

sex cells (gametes) divide

what do stem cells have the ability to do

cure diseases