Plant Systematics Gymnosperms

Order Cycadales

Cycas sp

Characteristics: central, thickened mid-vein on leaf

Dioecious

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Monoecious or dioecious:

Order Cycadales

Zamia sp

Parallel vein growth

Dioecious

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Monoecious or dioecious:

Leaves- come off stem, come off in different planes (sometimes whorled)

Cones- pollen cones at ends, seed cones not common because of energy and wind pollination needs

Order Coniferales

Woody cones with scales, needles and leaves coming off stem

Order Coniferales Characteristics

Order Coniiferales

Family Cupressaceae

Juniperus sp.

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Order Coniferales

Family Cupressaceae

Taxodium sp (bald cypress)

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Order Coniferales

Family Cupressaceae

Thuja sp (arborvitae)

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Order Coniferales

Family Cupressaceae

Chamaecyparis sp (white cedar)

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Needlelike leaves, spirally arranged on stem, monoecious, woody cones, saccate pollen, winged seeds

Family Pinaceae Characteristics

Linear, flat leaves- softer. Dioecious, round pollen, single ovule, seeds with flexy arils

Family Taxaceae characteristics

Scale like leaves, dioecious and monoecious, round pollen, 1-20 ovules per sporophyll, seeds with short lateral wings

Family Cupressaceae characteristics

Order Coniferales

Family Pinaceae

Pinus sp.

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Order coniferales

Family Pinaceae

Abies sp (fir)

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Order Coniferales

Family Pinaceae

Piceae sp (spruce)

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Order Coniferales

Family Pinaceae

Tsuga canadensis (hemlock)

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Order Coniferales

Family Taxaceae

Taxus sp. (yew)

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Mostly southern hemisphere, some insect pollinated, dioecious, brightly colored seeds

Order Cycadales characteristics

Fan shaped leaves with dichotomous veins, decidious, dioecious, fleshy seeds

Order Ginkgoales characteristics

Dioecious, weird looking plants, all have functionally advanced xylem cells, exhibit double fertilization

Welwitschia, Gnetum, Ephedra

Order Gnetales characteristics