Enlightenment Philosophers

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9 Terms

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Hobbes

  • Absolute Monarchy

  • People are born with rights to relinquish to monarch in exchange for protection

  • People are inherently selfish

  • Wrote Leviathan

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Locke

  • Democracy

  • People are born with unalienable rights

  • People can cooperate

  • Wrote 2 treatises of government

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Voltaire

  • Free speech

  • Civil rights 

  • Religious toleration

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Rousseu

  • Social Contract - Laws only binding when supported by general pop

  • Popular Sovereignty - power to rule comes from the ruled 

  • Educational Reform

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Mary Wallstonecraft

  • Women’s first duty is mother

  • Equal participation in public life

  • Daughter is Mary Shelley - Wrote frankenstein

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Diderot

Social equality

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Montesquieu

  • Seperation of power

  • Anti-censorship

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Beccaria

  • Death penalty (capital punishment) should be abolished

  • Criminal sentencing should only be a deterrent

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Adam Smith

  • Science of economics

  • Role of the market in setting prices

  • Laissez-faire government