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Hobbes
Absolute Monarchy
People are born with rights to relinquish to monarch in exchange for protection
People are inherently selfish
Wrote Leviathan
Locke
Democracy
People are born with unalienable rights
People can cooperate
Wrote 2 treatises of government
Voltaire
Free speech
Civil rights
Religious toleration
Rousseu
Social Contract - Laws only binding when supported by general pop
Popular Sovereignty - power to rule comes from the ruled
Educational Reform
Mary Wallstonecraft
Women’s first duty is mother
Equal participation in public life
Daughter is Mary Shelley - Wrote frankenstein
Diderot
Social equality
Montesquieu
Seperation of power
Anti-censorship
Beccaria
Death penalty (capital punishment) should be abolished
Criminal sentencing should only be a deterrent
Adam Smith
Science of economics
Role of the market in setting prices
Laissez-faire government