Chemistry Term 2 Test 4 (kinetic Molecular Theory and Gases)

Kinetic Molecular Theory (KMT)

Kinetic- fast movement, Molecular- small (like ions and atoms), it states the at absolute zero (-273 c) or (0 k) molecules stop moving.

Is it possible in our world for it be zero kelvin anywhere.

not possible, energy everywhere

What happens if you add energy or infrared heat?

the particles move faster

what happens to molecules when something is frozen?

They move slower and are more closely packed. Molecules would theoretically stop moving zero kelvin or less.

what are the three ways for particles to move

translational movement-point a - b, rotational movement, in a circle. vibrational movement, back and forth, even solids can do this

Translational Movement

-point a - b,

Rotational Movement

Movement in the circle around the particle.

Vibrational Movement

Back and forth, even solids can do this. The more energy, the more vibrating. When you hit the max energy it turns into gas.

Three KMT phases.

Solid- locked in place, vibrate, does not follow gas laws Liquid- touching, not locked in, does not follow gas laws Gas- widely seperated

Good energy means what

Fast movement and more heat

OLd bonds v. new bonds

when old bonds are broken, energy is added, when new bonds are formed, energy is released.

Most of the time do gasses behave ideally?

yes

what works better, ideal gases or real gases

ideal gases always work better

What type of gas can condense into liquids or solids.

Only real gases

What form is an extremely cold gas.

Solid

What is the only inverse law

Boyles law, as pressure goes up, volume goes down, p1v1=p2v2

charles law

defined, v1/t1 = v2/t2

What is the average sea level in atms and mmHg

In atms it is 1.00, in mmHg it is 760

Gay Lussac Law

As temperature goes up, pressure goes up, p1/T1=P2/T2, pressure units here are mmHg

Are pressure and temperature directly or indirectly related.

Directly

Avagadros Law

As N goes up, V goes up. If the number of particles in a balloon go up then the volume goes up. V1/n1= v2/n2

Millers Law

A n goes up, p goes up. The number of particles go up only if the temp and volume are also constant.

N stands for what

Mols or particles

Combined Law

P1V1/T1N1=P2V2/T2N2, direct

If there is only one of each unit how do you solve the problem?

PV=NRT

If there is 2 of each how do you solve the problem?

Use one of the memorized formulas.

What kind of constant is R?

It is a superconstant, always the same.

What is the ideal gas law formula?

PV=NRT

What does grams always convert to?

mols

What does mmhg conver to?

atm

What type of unit is dm³

it is a volume unit

What type of unit is mmhg?

Pressure

What type of unit it torr?

pressure

Is n a constant?

Yes, when n is constant “the balloon has no hole”, other laws dont apply

What does n mean?

Number of moles in the gas present.

If a ballon is big, is it high or low temperature.

High

What must you add to celcius to get kelvin?

273

What units must everything be in to solve PV=NRT problems?

pressure=atm, volume=liters, N=moles, Temp.=kelvin

Pressure and the number of particles are ___related.

Always

What happens to actual particles at absolute zero?

they stop moving

Volume and pressure are _____ related.

inversely

How strong are attractions between real gas particles?

Very weak

What is the only type of movement solid molecules can do?

Vibrational

Real gases have ___ attractions that allow matter to become ____.

very weak, liquids/solids

What temperature unit does not have an abosolute scale?

celcius

When the temp is 0k what is the volume

0ml

What freezes at 0 celcius

water

If a volume is infinity, what is the pressure?

0

0 kelvin in terms of mevement means:

none

a melted ionic compound has enough energy to break what?

ionic bonds