1. AP gov federalist 51

What is Madison talking about in the first paragraph?

Checks and balances / separation of powers

How much influence should "each department" have on the other? (Use a direct quote.)

"a will of its own" OR "as little agency as possible" OR "should be as little dependent as possible on those of the others"

Who should elect each member of each department?

The people

Which branch should not be elected by the people? Why?

The Judiciary

1.) They may not understand or care about qualifications

2.) Judges should not feel indebted to voters

What is the "great difficulty" in a "government of men over men"?

Government needs to be able to control people and itself.

What do we see "displayed in all the subordinate distributions of power"? Should this be done with the federal government?

The division of power to protect individual interests over public rights. Yes, there should be checks on power.

Why is this (see question #6) not possible at the national level? How do we fix it?

Answers

1.) It's not possible because the legislature should be the most powerful branch.

2.) Divide the legislature into different branches with different responsibilities and have the members chosen in different ways

How does this impact the executive?

The executive should be made stronger

What does "absolute negative" mean? What's the problem with this? (Remind me to explain the solution to this

problem.)

The absolute veto, which may not be used when necessary or may be used when it shouldn't

What is the "first consideration" of the federal government? In other words, what will the new constitution do?

It creates a "compound republic" which divides the power twice - federal/state and judicial/executive/legislative - this provides a "double security" to our rights

What is the "second consideration"? What is the "great importance" of a republic?

A republic must protect one group of people from another

What is the "evil"? What are the two ways to protect against it?

Majority rule (FACTION)

1.) will independent of people

2.) diversity - too many cultures

Madison says the first method of protection exists in monarchy. What does he say about the second?

The second method exists in the republic of the United States. So many different groups will exist, it will assure minority protection.

Madison mentions a "proper federal system"? What does such a system do and for whom?

It protects the rights of everyone friendly to that government.

What happens when territories are governed as states or confederacies?

The strong suppress the weak

What does the U.S. republic do, then? (Two things.)

Guards the minority from the majority AND creates a will independent from society